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AS II - Test 2 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Organs of midgut (in relation to blood supply)

A

Jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending and 2/3 transverse colon

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2
Q

5 layers of facia of anterior abdominal wall

A
  1. superficial layer (fatty and membranous portions)
  2. deep (investing) layers: envelop muscle layers
  3. transversalis fascia
  4. extraperitoneal fascia
  5. peritoneum
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3
Q

contents of inguinal canal

A

Spermatic cord (ductus deferens, testicular artery, symphathetic nerve fibers)

round ligament of uterus

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4
Q

renal papilla

A

apex/tip of pyramid that points towards hilum

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5
Q

Where are external oblique muscles?

A
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6
Q

Where is the iliac crest?

A
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7
Q

what is the rectus sheath?

A

fascia surrounding the rectus abdominus muscle

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8
Q

ligaments of the liver (2)

A

falciform ligament (round ligament)

coronary ligament

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9
Q

liver location

A

deep to ribs 7-11 on RHS, but crosses midline

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10
Q

cortex vs medulla of kidney

A

medulle in middle

cortex is outside

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11
Q

where does IVC begin?

A

begins anterior to L5 vertebra by union of common iliac veins (inferior to bifurcation of aorta), ascends to right of aorta

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12
Q

parietal vs visceral peritoneum

A
  • parietal: lining internal surface of abdominopelvic wall
  • visceral: investing the viscera such as the stomach and intestines
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13
Q

location of gall bladder

A

lies in gallbladder fossa on the visceral surface of the liver

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14
Q

Branches of superior mesenteric artery

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • jejunal and ileal arteries
  • middle colic artery
  • right colic artery
  • ileocolic artery
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15
Q

Where is the pubic symphysis?

A
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16
Q

Where does the esophagus end?

A

terminates by entering the stomach at the cardial oriface to the left of the midline at the level of the 7th left costal cartilage and T11 vertebra

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17
Q

retroperitoneal organs (definitin only)

A

those that do not possess a mesentery. They lie within extraperitoneal layer of abdominal wall

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18
Q

Organs of foregut (in relation to blood supply)

A

esophahus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen

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19
Q

action of internal oblique muscles

A
  • compress, support abdominal viscera
  • flex and rotate trunk to SAME side
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20
Q

attachements of internal oblique muscles?

A
  • ribs 10-12, linea alba
  • thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
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21
Q

branches of inferior mesenteric artery

A
  • left colic artery
  • sigmoid arteries
  • superior rectal artery
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22
Q

mesentary

A

double layer of peritoneum that suspends some abdominal organs

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23
Q

rectus abdominus action

A

compress, support abdominal viscera

flex trunk

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24
Q

3 flat muscles of abdominal wall

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

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25
location of spleen
deep to left 9-11 ribs
26
What organs are retroperitoneal?
SAD PUCKER * suprarenal glands/adrenal glands * aorta/IVC * duodenum * pancreas (tail is intraperitoneal) * ureters * colon (only ascending/descending) * kidneys * esophagus * rectum (not in abdominal cavity)
27
lateral visceral arteries
- inferior phrenic - suprarenal - renal - reproductive
28
recus abdominus attachments
- pubic symphysis and pubic crest - xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7
29
what is the inguinal ligament/ where is it found?
formed by lower border of external oblique aponeurosis passes between ASIS and pubic tubercle
30
recus abdominus innervation
segmental thoracoabdominal nerves
31
location of adrenal glands
superior (on top of) kidneys
32
Name the 3 portions of the hip (coxal) bone
yellow: ilium blue: ishium red: pubis
33
where are internal oblique muscles?
34
innervation of external oblique muscle
segmental thoracoabdominal nerves
35
innervation of transverse abdominis muscle
segmental thoracoabdominal nerves
36
attachments of transverse abdominus muscle
- ribs 7-12 costal cartilages, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia - linea alba, pubic crest
37
Where is the anterior inferior iliac spine?
38
location of kidneys
superior poles of kidneys lie deep to 11th and 12th ribs (R lower than L)
39
action of external oblique muscles
- flex and rotate trunk to OPPOSITE side - compress, support abdominal viscera
40
where does IVC leave the abdomen?
leaves by passing through caval opening in diaphragm to enter thorax at T8 level
41
attachments of external oblique muscles?
ribs 5-12 linea alba, public tubercle, iliac crest
42
porta hepatis
point of entry for hepatic arteries and portal vein and point of exit for hepatic ducts
43
portal vein vs. hepatic vein vs. hepatic artery
* portal vein: collects deoxy blood from GI and carries it to liver * formed by union of splenic and sup mesenteric vein * divides to R and L * hepatic vein: carries filtered blood to the IVC * hepatic artery: supplies oxy blood to parenchyma of liver
44
haustra
since teniae coli are shorter than large intestine, it 'bunches' to form haustra
45
innervation of internal oblique muscle
segmental thoracoabdominal nerves
46
location of pancreas
neck of pancreas overlies 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, head is right and inferior to this, body and tail are left and superior to this
47
Regions of the large intestine/colon (5)
48
where does esophagus enter the abdominal cavity?
through the elliptical esophageal hiatus in the muscular right crus of the diaphragm, to the left of the median plane at the level of the T10 vertebra
49
blood flow to spleen
blood from large splenic artery
50
where is rectus abdominus?
51
deep arterial supply of anterior abdomin (superior, lateral and inferior)
Superior: superior epigastric artery (terminal branch of internal thoracic artery) Lateral: 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries; subcostal arteries Inferior: inferior epigastric artery (from external iliac artery)
52
where does the appendix attach?
arises from posteromedial aspect of cecum inferior to the ileocecal jxn
53
Where is the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)?
54
What/ where are the extraperitoneal fascia and peritondeum?
extraperitoneal fascia is layer of CT that is deep to transversalis fascia (and contains varying amounts of fat) peritoneum is thin serous membrane lining abdominal walls and some abdominal viscera
55
teniae coli
thickened bands of smooth muscle on large intestine starts at appendix, splits into 3 bands and runs length of large intestine, merging at rectosigmoid jxn
56
Where is the inguinal canal? Superficial and deep inguinal rings?
deep inguinal ring is internal at entrance to inguinal canal superficial inguinal ring is external and at exit from inguinal canal
57
what is the arcuate line/where is it?
lies at the beginning of the lower 1/4 of rectus abdominus above the arcuate line, rectus abdominus is covered on both sides by rectus shealth (below the line, the posterior surface of the rectus muscle is in direct contact with transversalis fascia)
58
anterior visceral branches of abdominal aorta
superior mesenteric artery (to midgut) celiac trunk (artery, to foregut) inferior mesenteric artery (to hindgut)
59
Organs of hindgut (in relation to blood supply)
1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
60
omentum definition
double layered extension/fold of peritoneum that passes between the stomach/duodenum and adjacent organs
61
action of transverse abdominis muscle
compress, support abdominal viscera
62
Where is the pubic tubercle?
63
Where are superior and inferior epigastric arteries in relation to the rectus abdominus muscle?
-vessels enter the rectus sheath and stay posterior to rectus muscle throughout their course
64
Where/what is the transversalis fascia?
the layer of fascia deep to the transversus abdominus muscle continuous with fascia on internal aspect of abdominal wall (endoabdominal fascia)
65
ducts of duodenum
* R and L hepatic duct → common hepatic duct * carries bile from liver * cystic duct * carries bile from gall bladdar * common bile duct * formed by union of cystic and common hepatic duct * pancreatic duct * from pancreas to duodenum
66
types of branches of abdominal aorta
* anterior visceral (unpaired) * GI tract, spleen * lateral visceral (paired) * reproductive organs, kidneys * posterior parietal (paired) * lumbar, sacral regions
67
4 lobes of liver
right, left, caudate, quadrate
68
what is the linea alba (LA)?
aponeurosis (tethers muscle to bone) of the flat anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (down center of stomach)
69
hepatoduodenal ligament
- thick, free edge of lesser omentum between porta hepatis and duodenum - encloses portal triad, few lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and hepatic plexus of nerves
70
ducts of bellini
perforated openings at apex of renal papilla
71
Connection between alcoholism and esophogeal varices
72
hilum of kidney
concave border where nerves/vessels enter and exit
73
how many medullary pyramids in kidney?
6-18
74
what does celiac trunk branch off into?
LEFT gastric, splenic and common hepatic arteries
75
omental appendages
small, fatty, omentum-like projections that are unique to large intestine AKA epiploic appendages
76
where is transverse abdominis muscle?
77
hepatogastric ligament
sheetlike remainder of lesser omendum (after hepatoduodenal ligament) extends between groove for ligamentum venosum of liver and lesser curvature of stomach

AS II - Test 2 (6 decks)

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