Abdomen Flashcards

Question

What is the nursing assessment you would undertake of a patient complaining of acute abdominal pain?

Answer 1

``` Pain Assessment Patient History Vital Signs Family History Diet Medications Constipation Last Bowel Motion Presenting Complaint LOC I/O Skin Color/Temperature Abdominal Assessment (inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation) ABCD ```

Answer 2

``` FBC & Lytes, ?X-match urinalysis ?stool spec ECG AXR USS CT scan (+/- contrast) ```

Answer 3

``` Abdominal pain Rebound tenderness Muscular rigidity Spasm Patient has shallow respirations Abdominal distension Fever Tachycardia, tachypnoea Nausea and vomiting ```

Answer 4

Partial/Complete obstruction occurs when intestinal contents cannot pass through the GI tract and it requires URGENT treatment

Answer 5

Mechanical - something obstructing the lumen | Non-mechanical - when muscles/nerves within the intestines do not function properly

Answer 6

``` Rapid onset Frequent and copious vomiting Colicky, cramp-like, intermittent pain Feces for a short time Greatly increased abdominal distension ```

Answer 7

``` Gradual onset Vomiting is rare Low-grade, cramping abdominal pain Absolute constipation Increased abdominal distention ```

Answer 8

``` Early recognition of deterioration (hypovolemic shock, bowel strangulation) Patient history & physical examination Assessment of vomitus Hydration status Pain Nutritional status Need for surgery Anxiety ```

Answer 9

Stones in gallbladder

Answer 10

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 11

One or more gallstones in the CBD (common bile duct)

Answer 12

``` Pain Indigestion Fever Jaundice Nausea and Vomiting Restlessness Diaphoresis Inflammation Leukocylosis ```

Answer 13

``` Pain control Antiemetic Antibiotics Maintain fluid and electrolytes Potentially NBM ```

Answer 14

``` Jaundice Dark amber urine Clay-colored stools Pruritus Intolerance of fatty foods Bleeding tendencies Steatorrhoea ```

Answer 15

``` Alcohol Biliary tract disease Trauma Infection Drugs Postoperative GI surgery ```

Answer 16

Activation of pancreatic enzymes | Injury to pancreatic cells

Answer 17

``` Trypsin Elastase Phospholipase A Lipase Kallikrein ```

Answer 18

Oedema Necrosis Haemorrhage

Answer 19

Haemmorhage

Answer 20

Fat necrosis

Answer 21

Fat necrosis

Answer 22

Oedema Vascular permeability Smooth muscle contraction Shock

Answer 23

``` Abdominal pain – LUQ radiating to the back Aggravated by eating, relieved by vomiting Abdominal tenderness with muscle guarding Paralytic ileus Greys Turners spots Cullen’s sign Signs of shock Watch for respiratory distress –ARF to ARDS ```

Answer 24

``` Relief and control of pain Prevention of or treating shock Fluid and electrolyte imbalances corrected Nasogastric tube to decompress the stomach NBM (suppresses pancreatic enzymes) w/ NG Antacids, PPI’s to neutralize gastric secretions and decrease hydrochloric acid stimulation Antibiotics to treat infection, antispasmodics Removal of precipitating cause if possible Nutritional therapy – enteral nutrition to parenteral When food allowed small frequent high carbohydrates ```

Answer 25

``` Pain management Manage fluid imbalance Manage nutritional imbalances: maintain caloric needs while NBM Watch electrolytes and blood glucose Assessment: TPR, weight Surgery: pre & post operative care ```

Answer 26

ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography +/- Sphincterotomy or stenting ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy)

Abdomen Flashcards

(50 cards)