ABDOMEN

Question 1

Main Function of the GastroIntestinal System

Answer 1

Supply nutrients to body cells

Question 2

GI system consists of the GI tract and its associated organs and glands:

Answer 2

(GI tract) Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, rectum, anus
(Associated organs) Liver, Gall bladder, pancreas

Question 3

Process of Digestion and Elimination:

Answer 3

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Elimination

Question 4

Food is broken down into small and simple compounds enough to be absorbed into bloodstream by ___ or ____

Answer 4

diffusion ; active transport

Question 5

Effects of Aging on the GI Tract:

Answer 5

1. Teeth may loosen up from the supporting gums and bones
2. Decreased output of the salivary glands leads to dryness of mucous membranes and increased susceptibility to breakdown, difficulty swallowing and decreased stimulation of the taste buds
3. Decreased secretion of digestive enzymes and bile– decrease ability to digest and absorb food. (Unpaired absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins)
4. Atrophy of gastric mucosa leads to decrease HCl acid production (Decrease iron and B12 absorption; anemia ;Proliferation of bacteria– diarrhea and infection)
5. Decrease peristalsis in the large intestine, decrease muscular tone of the intestinal wall and decrease abdominal muscle strength, decrease sensation to defecate and increase incidence of constipation.

Question 6

Regions of the Abdomen:

Answer 6

Epigastric, Umbilical, Suprabic or Hypogastric

Question 7

Area between costal margin

Answer 7

Epigastric

Question 8

Area around the umbilicus

Answer 8

Umbilical

Question 9

Area above the pubic bone

Answer 9

Hypogastric/Suprabic

Question 10

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Answer 10

Liver, Gall bladder, Duodenum, Right Kidney, and Hepatic Flexure Colon

Question 11

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Answer 11

Stomach, Spleen, Left Lobe of liver, Body of Pancreas, Left Kidney and Adrenal, Splenic Flexure of colon, Part of transverse and descending colon

Question 12

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Answer 12

Cecum, Appendix (in female: right ovary, & right ureter)

Question 13

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Answer 13

Part of descending colon, Sigmoid colon, Left ovary and tube, Left ureter, Left Spermatic cord

Question 14

Midline:

Answer 14

Aorta, Uterus, Bladder

Question 15

“Inspiratory arrest” palpating the liver should be painless but if pain is present; patient can’t complete deep breathing = cholecystitis

Answer 15

Murphy’s sign

Question 16

Technique used for tenderness when abdominal pain reported.

Answer 16

Rebound Tenderness- Blumberg’s Sign

Question 17

An alternative method of palpating liver is to stand up at a person’s shoulder and swirve your body to right so that you face the person’s feet

Answer 17

Hooking Technique

Question 18

Heard over lung tissue

Answer 18

Resonance

Question 19

Heard over most portions of the abdominal cavity

Answer 19

Tympany

Question 20

Heard over solid organs (e.g. liver) and muscles

Answer 20

Dullness

Question 21

This is a short high pitched and is not loud. The sounds are heard over liver.

Answer 21

Dullness

Question 22

Present when there is an extensive pleural effusion or over a solid organ such as liver and heart

Answer 22

Flatness

Question 23

An indication of generalized peritonitis. It is an extension of guarding with involvement of all the muscles of the abdominal wall. The patient may also manifest “rebound tenderness” where deep palpation is associated with pain

Answer 23

Rigidity

Question 24

Dull pain in RUQ or Epigastric

Answer 24

Liver

Question 25

GER burning in midepigastrium or behind lower sternum

Answer 25

Esophagus

Question 26

Colecystitis is binary colic sudden pain in RUQ; Rt & Lt scapula

Answer 26

Gallbladder

Question 27

Acute boring midepigastrium radiate to back & Lt scapula

Answer 27

Pancreas

Question 28

Dull; aching, gnawing, epigastric radiate to back or substernal

Answer 28

Stomach

Question 29

Sudden onset of sever colicky flank or lower abdominal pain

Answer 29

Kidney

Question 30

Generalized abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting

Answer 30

Small intestine

Question 31

Large bowl sharp, burning obstruction, colicky, & cramping

Answer 31

Colon

Question 32

Obesity, Air or gas, Ascites, Ovarian cyst, Pregnancy, Feces, Tumor

Answer 32

Abnormal Findings: Abnormal Distentions

Question 33

Enlarged liver, Enlarged nodular liver, enlarged gallbladder, enlarged spleen, enlarged kidney, aortic aneurysm

Answer 33

Abnormal Findings: On palpation of enlarged organs

Question 34

Accumulation of free fluid in peritoneum; Assessment involve single curve, everted umbilicus, bulging flanks, glistening skin recent wait gain

Answer 34

Ascites

Question 35

Localized distention, Auscultation normal bowel sound, Percussion; dull over mass

Answer 35

Tumor

Question 36

Soft skin covered mass, protrusion intestine through weakness increased due to increase abdominal pressure; epigastria, incisional & diastasis recti

Answer 36

Hernia

Question 37

Abnormal enlargement of liver

Answer 37

Hepatomegaly

Question 38

9 regions of the abdomen:

Answer 38

Right Epigastric, epigastric region, left epigastric region, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac