Abdomen Flashcards
(20 cards)
Layer of GI wall and their US opacity
- lumen: hyerechoic
- mucosa: hypoechoic
- submucosa: hyper
- muscularis: hypo
- serosa: hyper
Ratio for dilated small intestine in dog and cat
- dog: >1.6x central height of L5
- cat: >12mm or dilated diameter:small diameter >2
Linear FB pattern
- irregular gas spots
- variable dilation
- plicated pattern
Dilated colon ratio for cat and dog
> 1.5x length of L5
Kidney ratio for cat and dog
- cat: 2-3x length of L2
- dog: 2.5-3.5x length of L2
When is an excretory urogram contraindicated?
- dehydation
- azotemia (affects quality of study)
Factors affecting quality of excretory urogram
- glomerular filtration
- renal concentrating ability
- patient hydration status
Which types of urinary stones are not visible on xray
- cystine
- urate
Signs of calculi on US
- intense hyperechoic interface
- gravity dependent mvmt
- acoustic shadow
- twinkle artifact
Types of contrast cystograms and what they’re good for
- positive contrast: ruptures
- negative (gas): calculi
- double: mucusal lesions, intraluminal filling defect
What type of contrast agent used for bladder?
- positive: Iodinated
- negative: CO2 or N2O > room air
If there is air emboli, which side to lie patient on?
L lateral
Indications for urethra contrast study
- stranguria
- cannot pass catheter
- suspect rupture
- hemorrhage with catheter placement
Can you use gas for urethra contrast study? why or why not?
- No
- concern about extravasation
3 segments of urethra
- prostatic
- membranous
- penile
Sign of prostatomegaly
- triangle formed by urinary bladder, abd wall, prostate
- incr opacity in pelvic canal
Ddx for prostate enlargement
- if huge: more likely paraprostatic cyst or abscess
- symmetrically large: benign hyperplasia, inflammation
- asymmetrical: cyst, abscess, paraprostic cyst
Signs prostate enlargement is less likely benig
- irregular margin
- mineralization (neoplasia)
Signs of enlarged liver
- cd shift in gastric axis
- in cats, goes past last rib
Normal liver dimensions
- dog: bit past last rib, come to a point and >2 intercostal spaces wide
- cat: does not go past last rib
