Abdomen

Question 1

Which type of peritoneum lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall?

Answer 1

Parietal peritoneum

Question 2

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 2

Is a continuous serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity and invests the viscera

Question 3

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 3

Phrenic nerve

Question 4

What are the two types of peritoneum?

Answer 4

Parietal and visceral

Question 5

What is the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 5

Invests the viscera including the stomach and intestines

Question 6

Which peritoneal layer is sensitive to pressure, pain, and temperature?

Answer 6

Parietal peritoneum

Question 7

Foregut pain is associated with which region?

Answer 7

Epigastric region

Question 8

Midgut pain is associated with which region?

Answer 8

Epigastric region

Question 9

Hindgut pain is associated with which region?

Answer 9

Pubic pain

Question 10

What is contained within the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 10

Peritoneal fluid 
Lymphatic vessels (inferior surface of the diaphragm to absorb peritoneal fluid)

Question 11

What is the function performed by peritoneal fluid?

Answer 11

Lubricates the peritoneal surfaces, enabling the viscera to move without friction
-Contains leukocytes and antibodies that resist infection

Question 12

What layer lines the embryonic cavity?

Answer 12

Mesoderm

Question 13

What type of organ are the kidneys?

Answer 13

Retroperitoneal

Question 14

Which viscera are completely encapsulated within the peritoneal sac? (intraperitoneal organs)

Answer 14

Spleen and stomach

Question 15

How are the viscera connected to the abdominal wall?

Answer 15

Mesentery

Question 16

What is the mesentery?

Answer 16

Organ that attaches the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 17

What forms the mesentery?

Answer 17

Double fold of peritoneum

Question 18

Where does the greater omentum originate from?

Answer 18

Attaches to the greater curvature and proximal part of the duodenum

Question 19

After descending, the omentum folds back and attaches to the anterior surface of which organ?

Answer 19

The transverse colon

Question 20

Where does the lesser omentum attach from?

Answer 20

The lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 21

Which ligament attaches the greater omentum to the transverse colon?

Answer 21

The gastrocolic ligament

Question 22

Which ligament is associated with connecting the organ to the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 22

Falciform ligament

Question 23

Which ligament connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 23

The hepatogastric ligament

Question 24

Which ligament connects the liver to the superior part of the duodenum?

Answer 24

The hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 25

Which ligament contains the portal triad?

Answer 25

The hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 26

Which ligaments are part of the lesser omentum?

Answer 26

1) Gastrohepatic ligament | 2) Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 27

Which ligament connects the stomach to the inferior surface of the diaphgram?

Answer 27

Gastrophrenic

Question 28

What are the three main ligaments of the stomach?

Answer 28

Gastrophrenic (Diaphragm) Gastrosplenic (Spleen) Gastrocolic (tranverse colon)

Question 29

How is the abdominal cavity divided into supracolic and infracolic compartments?

Answer 29

By the transverse mesocolon

Question 30

Which organs are located within the supracolic compartment of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 30

Stomach Spleen Liver

Question 31

Which organs are located within the infracolic compartment of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 31

Small intestine | Ascending and descending colon

Question 32

Which structure is formed by the lesser omentum and greater omentum?

Answer 32

Omentum bursa (Lesser sac)

Question 33

Which ligament traverses along the superior surface of the liver and attaches to the inferior surface of the diaphgram?

Answer 33

Coronary ligament

Question 34

What is the main function of the oesophagus?

Answer 34

Conduit for substrate transport between the pharynx and stomach

Question 35

Where does the oesophagus begin?

Answer 35

At the level of the cricoid cartilage

Question 36

What is the relationship between the positioning of the trachea and oesophagus?

Answer 36

The oesophagus resides posterior to the trachea

Question 37

At which vertebral layer does the oesophagus penetrate the diaphragm?

Answer 37

At T10

Question 38

What are the three constrictions of the oesophagus?

Answer 38

1) Thoracic 2) Diaphragmatic 3) Cervical

Question 39

Which nerve predominantly innervates the oesophagus?

Answer 39

Vagus nerve [X] forming the oesophageal nerve plexus around the inferior oesophagus

Question 40

Which ligament attaches the oesophagus to the diaphragm?

Answer 40

Phrenico-oesopahgeal ligament

Question 41

In which abdominal regions is the stomach located?

Answer 41

Epigastric Umbilical Left hypochondrium

Question 42

What are the four parts of the stomach?

Answer 42

Cardia Fundus Body Pyloric part

Question 43

Which part of the stomach is associated with the oesophagus?

Answer 43

Cardia

Question 44

Which part of the stomach contains the sphincter to the duodenum?

Answer 44

Pyloric antrum (pyloric sphincter)

Question 45

In which plane does the stomach lie in the supine position?

Answer 45

Level of the transpyloric plane

Question 46

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Answer 46

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 47

How any parts form the duodenum?

Answer 47

4

Question 48

Where does the pancreatic and common bile duct adjoin the duodenum?

Answer 48

At the ampulla of Vater.

Question 49

Which artery supplies the foregut?

Answer 49

Coeliac artery

Question 50

Which artery supplies the hindgut?

Answer 50

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 51

Which artery supplies the midgut?

Answer 51

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 52

What is the main function of the lesser omentum?

Answer 52

The main function of the lesser omentum is to attach the stomach and duodenum to the liver.

Question 53

How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?

Answer 53

Epiploic foramen

Question 54

What are the four main arteries that supply the stomach?

Answer 54

Left gastric Right gastric Right gastro-omental Left gastro-omental

Question 55

What are the three main branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 55

Left gastric artery Common hepatic artery Splenic artery