Abdomen I

Question 1

Describe the layers of the peritoneum.

Answer 1

serous membrane

parietal - lines anterior, lateral and posterior abdominal walls, lower surface of diaphragm and pelvic cavity

visceral- surrounds the abdominal viscera

Question 2

What is the peritoneal cavity subdivided into?

Answer 2

greater sac and lesser sac (Omental bursa)

Question 3

Describe the greater sac of peritoneal cavity.

Answer 3

accounts for most of the space of peritoneal cavity (once you open the peritoneum in cadaver you are in greater sac)

Question 4

Describe the lesser sac (Omental bursa)

Answer 4

small space posterior to lesser omentum, stomach, liver and inside the greater omentum

stomach rotation and growth of liver is main reason for this sac

Question 5

How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate with each other?

Answer 5

Epiploic foramen or Foramen of Winslow’s

Question 6

What do I call peritoneal folds that are completely covered?
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
organ as liver or spleen

Answer 6

Intraperitoneal
stomach- omentum
small intestine - mesentery
large intestine - meso-colon 
organ as liver or spleen- ligament

Question 7

What do I call partially covered peritoneal folds?

Answer 7

retroperitoneal

SAD PUCKER

Question 8

Describe the following peritoneal fold:

Ligament

Answer 8

double layer of peritoneum connects an organ with another or anterior abdominal wall

Question 9

Describe the following peritoneal fold:

mesentery

Answer 9

double layer of peritoneum results from the invagination of the peritoneum by the intestine

Question 10

Describe the following peritoneal fold:

omentum

Answer 10

double layer of peritoneum passing from the stomach and first part of duodenum to adjacent organs.

greater omentum- greater curvature of stomach
lesser omentum- lesser curvature of stomach

Question 11

What does retroperitoneal refer to/mean?

Answer 11

some organs developed already posterior to the viscera (retroperitoneal)

some organs come to lie posterior to the viscera during development so they became retroperitoneal

Question 12

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 12

SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal glands
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (2nd 3rd and 4th)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum

Question 13

What are the three parts the gut tube is divided into? What arteries supply each one?

Answer 13

foregut - celiac trunk - T12
midgut - superior mesenteric artery - L1
hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery - L3

Question 14

Describe the three arteries that supply the foregut, midgut, and hindgut

Answer 14

all three are single unpaired branches of abdominal aorta

all three arise from anterior surface of abdominal aorta

the branches of these arteries anastamose with each other, providing alternative routes of arterial supply

foregut - celiac trunk - T12
midgut - superior mesenteric artery - L1
hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery - L3

Question 15

Name the organs of the foregut.

Answer 15

stomach
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
spleen
1st half duodenum

Question 16

Describe the arteries of the foregut.

Answer 16

celiac trunk - it is the first of the unapired branches of the abdominal aorta
it ends by dividing into 3 branches: 
splenic a. 
left gastric 
common hepatic a.

Question 17

Describe the organs of the midgut.

Answer 17

2nd half of the duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
ascending colon
2/3 transverse colon

Question 18

Describe the arteries of the midgut.

Answer 18

superior mesenteric:
ileocolic
right colic
middle colic

Question 19

Describe the organs of the hindgut.

Answer 19

left 1/3 of transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

Question 20

Describe the arteries of the hindgut.

Answer 20

inferior mesenteric:
left colic
sigmoid branches
superior rectal

Question 21

Describe the left gastric artery of the celiac trunk:

Where does it enter?
What branches does it give?
How does it end?

Answer 21

runs upwards to enter the lesser omentum

gives esophageal and gastric branches

ends by anastomosing with the right gastric

Question 22

Describe the splenic artery of the celiac trunk:

Where does it run along?
How does it end?
What does it give off?

Answer 22

runs along the superior border of pancreas - pancreatic branches. tortuous path.

ends by giving the spleen 5-6 terminal branches

gives short gastric and left gastro-omental (L gastroepiploic) arteries to the greater curvature of the stomach.

Question 23

Describe the common hepatic artery.

Answer 23

common hepatic first gives gastroduodenal (superior pancreaticoduodenal and right gastro-omental)

then gives the hepatic proper which gives the right gastric

hepatic proper to right and left hepatic - cystic artery branch of Right hepatic a.

Question 24

Describe the omentum of the stomach.

Answer 24

greater omentum - stores fat, “policeman of abdomen” because it will try to prevent the spread of infection

lesser omentum

Question 25

What are the two components of the lesser omentum?

Answer 25

Ventral Mesentery! hepatoduodenal ligament hepatogastric ligament

Question 26

What are the four components of the greater omentum?

Answer 26

Dorsal Mesentery! splenorenal ligament gastrophrenic ligament gastrosplenic ligament gastrocolic ligament

Question 27

What are the three structures you could feel with your hand in the lesser omentum (in its free border)?

Answer 27

portal vein- posterior hepatic duct/bile duct- right hepatic artery- left

Question 28

Describe the 5 peritoneal ligaments of the liver.

Answer 28

4 attached to diaphragm and abdominal wall: falciform ligament coronary ligament right and left triangular attached to stomach by lesser omentum

Question 29

Describe the five fissures of the liver.

Answer 29

H-shaped fissure for ligametum venosum - ductus venosus fissure for ligamentum teres (round ligament) - obliterated umbilical vein fossa of gall bladder fissure for IVC porta hepatis (between quadrate and caudate lobes...VAD=portal Vein, hepatic Artery, hepatic Duct)

Question 30

Describe porta hepatis of the liver.

Answer 30

lies transversely between the quadrate and caudate lobes. structures are arranged in VAD (portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic duct) from posterior to anterior

Question 31

Describe the blood (arterial) supply of the liver.

Answer 31

hepatic artery - 25% portal vein - 75% each divides into right and left branches each gets 50% oxygen

Question 32

Describe the venous drainage of the liver.

Answer 32

venous... blood sinusoids... central veins...hepatic veins... IVC

Question 33

Describe the bilary system (tree).

Answer 33

cystic duct and main pancreatic duct right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, gall bladder and common bile duct (Ampulla of Vater opens on major duodenal papillae at the 2nd part of duodenum)

Question 34

Describe the gall bladder.

Answer 34

cystic duct- fundus, body, and neck | gall bladder is between the lateral border of the abdominis rectus and the 9th costal cartiliage

Question 35

What is the Sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 35

It is a layer of circular muscle surrounding the lower end of bile duct, pancreatic duct and ampulla, controlling the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions

Question 36

What is significant about broken ribs 9, 10, 11?

Answer 36

could mean ruptured spleen. | ribs 9, 10, 11 mark the spleen.

Question 37

What are the diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver?

Answer 37

anterior, posterior, superior