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Anatomy-Abdomen > Abdomen I > Flashcards

Abdomen I Flashcards

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1
Q

If a person gets stabbed on the posterior wall of the Abdominal Cavity, what parts of his body will most likely be affected?

A

Vertebral Column & Abdominal wall

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2
Q

Many of the abdominal organs are protected by what?

A

Thoracic wall and Diaphragm

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3
Q

What does Peritoneum covers?

A

Covers Abdominal organs which are suspended in peritoneal cavity by mesenteries.

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4
Q

if a person is affected superior to rib 10 & L3, what part of the abdominal cavity is the person affected?

A

Above Subcostal Plane- Right and Left Hypochondrium, and Epigastric region.

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5
Q

what part/s of abdominal cavity is found inferior to intertubercular plane?

A

Right groin/inguinal, Pubic region, and Left groin/inguinal

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6
Q

what part/s of abdominal cavity is/are found inferior to subcostal plane?

A

Right Flank/Lumbar, Umbilical Region, and Left Flank/Lumbar

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7
Q

What does Midclavicular plane cover?

A

Midpoint of Clavicles to point between Pubic Symphysis and Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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8
Q

Midclavicular Planes consists of

A

Epigastric region, umbilical region, and Pubic Region

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9
Q

Bony Components of Abdominal Wall are made up of

A

Lumbar vertebrae, Upper wings of Pelvic Bones, Costal margin, and Ribs 11 and 12

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10
Q

What muscles makes up the posterior part of the Abdominal Wall?

A

Quadratus Lumborum & Iliopsoas (deep Hip plexus)

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11
Q

When a person get stabbed laterally to the abdominal wall, what part of his abdominal muscles are affected?

A

External Oblique, Internal Oblique, & Transversus Abdominus

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12
Q

John has been working out for past 2 hours. While he has done plenty of upper body and abs workouts, he focused primarily on working on his planks and sit ups. What part of muscle was John trying to work on?

A

Rectus Abdominus (aka 6-pack muscle)

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13
Q

Most Superficial Fascia which is protective of all abdomen made up of fatty layer

A

Campers Fascia

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14
Q

Deep Layer of Superficial Fascia is

A

Scarpas Fascia

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15
Q

What does Scarpas fascia turns into as it crosses the thigh region?

A

Fascia Lata

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16
Q

As Scarpas fascia continues into Anterior Peritoneum, it is called

A

Colles Fascia (Inf. of the Pelvis)

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17
Q

Dartos Muscle is found between

A

between Scarpas + Campers Fascia of Scrotum in males

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18
Q

Actions of External Oblique

A

Twist and Compress Abdomen

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19
Q

What gets attaches to Linea Alba?

A

thick, flat tendinous insertion called Aponeurosis

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20
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

Lower border of External Oblique aponeurosis. Travels from Anterior superior Iliac Spine to pubic tubercle.

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21
Q

Fibers Direction of External Oblique vs. Internal oblique

A

Inferomedially vs. Supromedially

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22
Q

Linea Alba is made up of

A

a line of tendon that runs from Xiphoid Process—Pubic Bone

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23
Q

What layers of muscle are found directly beneath the External Oblique?

A

Internal Oblique and Rectus Abdominus.

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24
Q

Actions of Internal Oblique

A

Compress Abdomen and Twists

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25
Why does Rectus Abdominus have 4-5 Tendinous Insertions?
To avoid over contraction/Flexion. Also create the 6-Pack
26
Actions of Rectus Abdominus
Compress Abdomen and Flex Trunk
27
A patient comes to the doctor complaining, he can't compress Abdomen at all. Doctor asked follow up question how he feels during abdomen flexion and twists, and patient bluntly responded he feels no pain anywhere else but ONLY unable to compress Abdomen. What muscle of the patient is affected the most to cause unable to compress only?
Transversus Abdominus
28
Deepest muscle muscle found in the Abdominal cavity
Transversus Abdominus
29
A person Ventral Rami in L1 is damaged. What would he unable to do as a result of that?
Compress and Twist Abdomen
30
If nerve supply of Ventral Rami gets damaged from T7-T12, what would a person be unable to do?
Compress Abdomen, Twist Abdomen, Flex vertebral column, and tense abdominal wall
31
What innervates Internal Oblique
Ventral Rami of T7-T12, L1 (Illiohypogastric and Ilioinguinal)
32
Origin of External Oblique
Outer Surface or Lower 8 ribs
33
Origin of Internal Oblique
Iliac Crest, Inguinal Ligament, Thoracolumbar Fascia
34
Insertion for External Oblique
Iliac crest, linea alba
35
Insertion for Internal Oblique
Inferior Border of lower 3-4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line
36
Insertion for Transversus Oblique
Linea Alba, Pubic crest, pectineal line
37
Origin for Transversus Abdominus
Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, costal cartilage of lower 6 ribs
38
Origin of Rectus Abdominus
Pubic crest, tubercle and symphysis
39
Insertion of Rectus Abdominus
Costal Cartilage of ribs 5-7; Xiphoid Process
40
What fascia layer is found deep to Transversus Abdominus?
Transversalis Fascia
41
If person gets stabbed directly below the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, what immediate layer will it get affected?
Rectus abdominus and deep to it Transversalis fascia
42
Anterior Rectus Sheath Above Arcuate Line is composed of
Aponeuroses of External and Internal Obliques
43
Posterior Rectus Sheath above Arcuate Line is composed of
Aponeuroses of Internal oblique and transversus abdominus
44
Anterior Rectus sheath below the Arcuate Line is composed of
External and Internal obliques and transversus abdominus
45
Posterior Rectus Sheath below the Arcuate Line is composed of
no longer exists, rectus abdominus is in direct contact with transversalis fascia
46
What layer separates Transversalis Fascia from Peritoneum of Abdomen?
Extraperitoneal fascia
47
if during injury, layer deep to Transversalis fascia is damaged, what is the most significant affect as a result of that?
Damage to Vasculature that exists in Extraperitoneal Fascia
48
What fascia is abundant on the posterior wall of the Abdomen?
Extraperitoneal Fascia
49
Organs within Extraperitoneal fascia layers are
Retroperitoneal
50
If during surgical procedure, we have to get to Abdominal Cavity of a patient, then what layers would we need to go through?
Skin- Campers- Scarpas- External Oblique- Internal Oblique/Rectus Abdominus-Transversus Abdominus-Transversalis Fascia-Extraperitoneal Fascia-Parietal Peritoneum
51
Skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum are innervated by
Ventral Rami of Spinal Nerves T7-L1, and Lateral Cutaneous (from Intercostal nerves)
52
If a person musculophrenic artery gets cut off, what is the most probable effect
Loss blood supply to Superior portion of Superficial layer.
53
Where does Blood supply of Superior part of Superficial layer comes from?
Musculophrenic Artery- comes from ITA
54
A patient experienced a loss of blood supply to the inferior part of the her superficial region of the Abdomen? What can be probable cause of that?
it could be Damage to Femoral Artery or Superficial epigastric A. (medial) and superficial circumflex a. (lateral) which branches from Femoral Artery
55
Blood Supply to the Superior part of Deep layer?
Superior Epigastric Artery (terminal branch of ITA)
56
Blood Supply to lateral part of Deep layer?
10th and 11th Intercostal Artery and Subcostal Artery
57
Blood supply to inferior part of Deep Layer?
Inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex artery which branches off external iliac artery
58
If Femoral Artery is damaged, there will be deficient in blood supply of
Inferior Superficial Layer which is supplied by superficial epigastric artery and superficial circumflex artery coming branching from femoral Artery
59
If person Terminal branch of Internal Thoracic Artery gets damaged, his blood supply will be diminished in
Superior part of Deep layer which is supplied by Superior epigastric Artery that branches off Terminal ITA
60
If person Internal Thoracic Artery is damaged, there wont be any blood supply in
Superior Superficial layer (supplied by musculophrenic artery) and Superior Deep Layer (supplied by Superior Epigastric Artery)
61
If 10th and 11th Intercostal artery is damaged, there will be a complication of blood supply in
Lateral Portion of Deep layer which is supplied by both 10th and 11th Intercostal Artery and subcostal artery
62
If external iliac artery is damaged, then there will be diminished blood supply in
Inferior portion of Deep layer which is supplied by inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex artery
63
Where does the lymph drain to Superficially above umbilicus region?
Axillary Node
64
Where does the lymph drain to superficially below umbilicus?
superficial inguinal nodes
65
Where does the lymph drain to in Deep layer?
Parasternal node
66
Groin
Region between Anterior Abdominal Wall and Thigh
67
Inguinal canal
Passageway through Abdominal wall in the inguinal region
68
Direction of Inguinal Canal Internal-external
Deep (invagination of Transversalis Fascia) inguinal ring- Superficial (external oblique fascia) inguinal ring
69
As testes develop into scrotum, what do they bring with them?
Portion of Anterior Abdominal wall that will form structures inside the scrotum
70
The external spermatic fascia is derived from what fascia during the descent of the testes?
External Oblique
71
The Cremasteric fascia is derived from what fascia during the descent of the testes?
Internal Oblique Muscle
72
The transversalis fascia changes to what during the descent of the testes?
Internal Spermatic fascia
73
what is the important role of Cremasteric Fascia?
Responsible for raising or lowering the testes temp based on the temperature outside because sperm always needs to be 3 degrees cooler than the body to develop.
74
Indirect Inguinal Hernia
Through deep inguinal ring, lateral to epigastrics (most common)
75
Direct Inguinal Hernia
Through posterior wall of inguinal canal (through Inguinal triangle), medial to epigastrics
76
What type of Hernia push directly through Inguinal Triangle?
Direct Inguinal
77
What is Inguinal Triangle composed of
Inferior Border: Inguinal Ligament Lateral Border: Inferior epigastric vessel medial border: lateral edge of Rectus Abdominus
78
Deepest layer of Abdominal wall
Parietal Peritoneum
79
Visceral Peritoneum
covers organs suspended in the peritoneal cavity
80
Difference between Intraperitoneal and Retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal- organs suspended in the abdominal cavity by mesentery Retroperitoneal- organs that are positioned between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall, in extraperitoneal fascia
81
Mesentery
Holds organs to the posterior abdominal wall. Vessels and Nerves travel through the mesentery to visceral organs.
82
Mobility of Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal- free to move within the mesentery | Retroperitoneal- more confined to their position.
83
Name all that are part of Retroperitoneal Structures
Urinary System (kidney, ureter, bladder) and adrenal glands, Aorta and IVC, part of the esophagus and rectum, most of the pancreas (except for the tail), Most of the duodenum (except first segment and distal-most portion), Ascending and Descending colon
84
Where does Greater Omentum hangs from?
Greater Curvature of the Stomach and Duodenum/transverse colon
85
Lesser Omentum
Layers of peritoneum from lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver. Also separated the omental bursa (lesser sac) from the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity.
86
Omental/Epiloic Foramen
opening to the lesser sac/Omental bursa which is dorsal to the lesser omentum that looks like a pocket. Connects the lesser sac to the greater sac of abdominal cavity.
87
Transverse mesocolon
Fold of Peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the posterior body wall.
88
Sigmoid mesocolon
Peritoneal fold that attaches the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall.
89
What organs are part of RUQ
Liver, Gall bladder
90
What organs are part of LUQ
Spleen (posterior), stomach
91
What organs are part of RLQ?
Appendix, ascending colon
92
What organs are part of LLQ?
descending colon, and sigmoid colon
93
What part of the stomach do we find Pancreas in?
Right and Left of the Upper Quadrant
94
What part of the stomach do we find small bowel in?
All 4 quadrants

Anatomy-Abdomen (2 decks)

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