Abdomen (not finished)

Question 1

what are anatomic landmarks on the abdomen

Answer 1

Xiphoid process
rectus abdominis muscle
costal margin
midline, overlying linea alba
umbilicus
iliac crest
ASIS
inguinal ligament
pubic tubercle
symphysis pubis

Question 2

What are the four primary quadrents

Answer 2

right upper quadrant (RUQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 3

What are the nine abdominalpelvic regions

Answer 3

right hypocchondriac region
epigastric region
left hypochondriac region
right lumber region
umbilical region
left lumbar region
right iliac region
hypogastric region
light iliac region

Question 4

What is within the RUQ

Answer 4

liver, gallbladder, duodenum, hepatic flexure of the colon, head of pancreas

Question 5

what is within the LUQ

Answer 5

spleen, splenic flexure of the colon, stomach, body and tail of the pancreas

Question 6

what is within the RLQ`

Answer 6

appendix, cecum, ascending colon, right ovary

Question 7

with is within the LLQ

Answer 7

sigmoid colon, descending colon, left ovary

Question 8

where are the kidneys locations

Answer 8

by the 11th and 12 ribs

Question 9

when is auscultation done for the abdominal exam

Answer 9

done BEFORE percussion or palpation of the abdomen

Question 10

what are you looking for in regards to the skin for inspection of the abdomen

Answer 10

color, scars, striae, dilated veins, ecchymosis, rashes

Question 11

what contours are you looking for in regards to abdominal inspection

Answer 11

flat, protuberant, distended (rounded), bulges (localized or flanks), symmetry

Question 12

what is it called when there is a separation of the two recuts abdominal muscles

Answer 12

diastasis recti

Question 13

what is diastasis recti

Answer 13

separation of the two rectus abdominal muscles

Question 14

what are the common causes of diastasis recti

Answer 14

pregnancies, obesity, and chronic lung disease

Question 15

when is diastasis recti visible

Answer 15

when supine patient lifts their head and shoulders

Question 16

whhen a patient is supine and lifts their head and shoulders, what are you looking for

Answer 16

diastasis recti

Question 17

when do you auscultate for bowel sounds

Answer 17

before percussion or palpation

Question 18

what do you note for bowel sounds

Answer 18

present or absent (list listen for atleast two minutes)
freqency: normo, hypo, hyperactive
high-pitched, tinkling

Question 19

when is an abdomen considered surgical

Answer 19

silent

Question 20

what are we looking for in-particular with patients with hypertension

Answer 20

bruits

Question 21

What buits do we listen for in the abdomen

Answer 21

aortic, renal, iliac and femoral

Question 22

what types of Rubs do we listen for in the abdomen

Answer 22

Hepatic friction rub and splenic friction rub

Question 23

what side do we listen for a splenic rub on

Answer 23

left side

Question 24

the type of rub that is listened for on the right side of the abdomen

Answer 24

hepatic friction rub

Question 25

what type of noise does gas make during percussion of the abdomen

Answer 25

tympanic

Question 26

a tympanic sound on percussion of the abdomen is indicative for

Answer 26

gas in the bowel

Question 27

what is a dull sound on percussion of the abdomen indicative for

Answer 27

fluid, stool, solid organ, mass

Question 28

What organs are palpated for in the abdominal exam

Answer 28

liver, spleen, kidneys, aorta (and bladder)

Question 29

where is the liver located within the abdomen

Answer 29

right upper quadrant

Question 30

what is a normal liver span at the midclavicular line

Answer 30

10-12cm

Question 31

what is the normal liver span at the midsternal line

Answer 31

4-8cm

Question 32

What is found within Traube's space

Answer 32

spleen

Question 33

where is traubes space

Answer 33

left 6th rib, constal margin and anterior axillary line

Question 34

what is castells spot

Answer 34

the bottom corner of Traubes space

Question 35

what is a normal width for the aorta on palpation

Answer 35

< 3cm

Question 36

when is it important to do aorta palpation

Answer 36

adults > 50 yo

Question 37

what is peritonitis

Answer 37

inflammation of the peritoneum - considered acute abdomen - often surgical emergency

Question 38

what are the positive findings for perotinitis

Answer 38

guarding, rigidity, rebound tenderness

Question 39

when is rebound tenderness considered positive

Answer 39

it hurts more when you let go

Question 40

what are other sign that is suggestive of peritonitis

Answer 40

Heel-tap sign (jar tenderness) or tenderness on ride to facility with bumps in the road

Question 41

what is a positive sign for appendicitis

Answer 41

McBurney's point tenderness

Question 42

what are other testing done for appendicitis

Answer 42

Rovsing sign Psoas sign obturator sign

Question 43

What is Rovsing Sign

Answer 43

referred rebound tenderness - palpate in the left - pain in the right lower quadrant

Question 44

What is the murphy sign used for

Answer 44

possible cholecystitis - gallbladder biliary tree issue

Question 45

what is ascites

Answer 45

excess fluid within the peritoneal cavity