Abdominal Flashcards
(12 cards)
Indications
When we do abdominal ultrasound?
- When we need to do emergency evaluation (aFAST)
- Elective evaluation (surgical/medical work up, neoplasia staging, FNA/biopsies, single system evaluation (reproductive tract)
Advantages are?
What about the disadvantages?
Non invasive Sensitive No special prep FNA/biopsy Adjacent organs Architecture of organs
Only small section or image Time consuming Gas in the GIT Needs experience Function of organs? Low specificity
How to prep the patient?
12h fast Ideally empty colon Moderately filled urinary bladder Sedation, analgesia, general analgesia Clipping Alcohol/gel Positioning
Check list?
Size Shape Location Margination Echogenicity Architecture Function: GI peristalsis Neighboring structures
Lower urinary and bladder indications are?
Dysuria/haemauria/stranguria Urinary tract infection Abnormalities on urinanalysis Incontinence Suspicion of ectopic ureters Post trauma bladder integrity Caudal abdominal mass Perianal/perineal rupture/hernia To assess urine output Cystocentesis (urine sample)
Normal urinary bladder is?
What kind of Finding we can have after catetherization or cystocentesis?
What layers there are?
What affect wall thickness?
Anechoic content wise
Echogenic urine
Wall: 4 layers (serosa, muscle, submucosa, mucosa)
Wall thickness depends on FILLING
Indications for spleen are?
Splenomegaly Abdominal mass Peritoneal effusion/hemoperineum Abdominal pain/sudden weakness/collapse Trauma patient Follow-up incidental Finding of spleen
Which is in constant position? Splenic head, splenic body or tail?
Where are the other two parts situated?
Splenic head is always caudodorsal to stomach and often under the caudal rib cage
Splenic body and tail are along the left abdominal wall sometimes crossing the midline centrally, sometimes even visible cranially to the urinary bladder
The shape of spleen? And margins should be?
What about the size, what can cause variation in size?
How should the spleen look like?
When you compare the spleen to kidney cortex and liver what should it look like?
Triangular and sharp margins
Variable size can be because of sedation
Smooth borders with echogenic capsule
Hyperechoic to liver and kidney cortex
Kidney indications?
Normal kidney is?
Medulla is what to cortex?
What two parts are hyperechoic?
What is the most anechoic part?
How does it compare to liver?
Abnormal palpitation findings
To explain lab abnormalities
Urination issues
X-ray anbnormalities like altered shape size urolithiasis bad detail and post trauma
Normal kidney is uniform granular echotexture and medium echogenicity, medulla is hypoechoic compared to cortex.
Renal pelvis is hyperechoic and fat at renal hilus
Renal medulla
It is often isoechoic to liver or slightly hypo
Adrenal glands indications m?
Differentiation of primary and secondary hyperadrenocorticism
To investigate masses in dorsal or retroperitoneal area
To investigate hypertension causes
To search for metastasis
Echogenicity of adrenal glands is?
What we cant assess?
Incidental finding in cats?
Medulla is echogenic
And cortex is isoechogenic or hypoechogenic
MEANING the layers are sometimes visible and sometimes not
Functionality we can’t assess
Mineralization
