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Glossary of Pathology > Abdominal computed tomography - Antibiotic-resistant bacteria > Flashcards

Abdominal computed tomography - Antibiotic-resistant bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen

A

abdominal computed tomography

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2
Q

a noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high frequency sound waves

A

abdominal ultrasound

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3
Q

the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid

A

abdominocentesis

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4
Q

the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function

A

ablation

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5
Q

the interruption or termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable

A

abortion

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6
Q

an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away

A

abrasion

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7
Q

a disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

A

abruptio placentae

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8
Q

a closed pocket containing pus caused by a bacterial infection

A

abscess

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9
Q

a brief disturbance in brain function in which there is a loss of awareness often described as a staring episode

A

absence seizure

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10
Q

medications administered to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors

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11
Q

analgesic that reduces pain and fever, but does not relieve inflammation

A

acetaminophen

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12
Q

inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on the tendon

A

Achilles tendinitis

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13
Q

a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum around the hair shaft

A

acne vulgaris

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14
Q

a brain tumor that develops adjacent to the cranial nerve running from the brain to the inner ear

A

acoustic neuroma

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15
Q

immunity obtained having had contagious disease

A

acquired immunity

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16
Q

the advanced stage of an HIV infection

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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17
Q

enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

A

acromegaly

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18
Q

an excessive fear of heights

A

acrophobia

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19
Q

a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin

A

actinic keratosis

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20
Q

include bathing, grooming, brushing teeth, eating, and dressing

A

activities of daily living (ADL’s)

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21
Q

a traditional Chinese touch therapy involving finger pressure applied to specific areas of the body

A

acupressure

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22
Q

a traditional Chinese medical practice using very thin acupuncture needles to specific areas of the body

A

acupuncture

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23
Q

an abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth

A

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

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24
Q

sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood to filter

A

acute renal failure

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25
Q

a life-threatening condition in which inflammation in the lungs and fluid in the alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen in the blood

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

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26
Q

compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance, habit, or practice

A

addiction

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27
Q

a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone

A

Addison’s disease

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28
Q

surgical removal of a gland

A

adenectomy

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29
Q

inflammation of a gland

A

adenitis

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30
Q

carcinoma derived from glandular tissue

A

adenocarcinoma

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31
Q

benign tumor that arises from, or resembles, glandular tissue

A

adenoma

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32
Q

abnormal softening of a gland

A

adenomalacia

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33
Q

abnormal hardening of a gland

A

adenosclerosis

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34
Q

any disease or condition of a gland

A

adenosis

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35
Q

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

A

adhesion

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36
Q

cancer treatment used after the primary treatments have been completed to decrease the chance that a cancer will recur

A

adjuvant therapy

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37
Q

inflammation of the adrenal glands

A

adrenalitis

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38
Q

an undesirable reaction that accompanies the principle response for which the drug was taken

A

adverse drug reaction

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39
Q

excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking

A

aerophagia

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40
Q

discolorations caused by sun exposure

A

age spots

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41
Q

an excessive fear of environments where the person fears a panic might occur

A

agoraphobia

42
Q

occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze

A

airborne transmission

43
Q

the swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus

A

airway inflammation

44
Q

occurs when food or a foreign object partially or completely blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs

A

airway obstruction

45
Q

a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises

A

albinism

46
Q

the presence of the protein albumin in the urine

A

albuminuria

47
Q

chronic alcohol dependence with specific signs and symptoms upon withdrawal

A

alcoholism

48
Q

an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

A

aldosteronism

49
Q

a substance that produces an allergic response in an individual

A

allergen

50
Q

occurs when the body’s immune system reacts to a harmless allergen as if it were a dangerous invader

A

allergic reaction

51
Q

an allergic reaction to airborne allergens

A

allergic rhinitis

52
Q

an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen

A

allergy

53
Q

a transplant in which the recipient receives bone marrow from a compatible donor

A

allogenic bone marrow transplant

54
Q

conventional medical practices and systems of health care

A

allopathic medicine

55
Q

the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp

A

alopecia

56
Q

an autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well-defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body

A

alopecia areata

57
Q

an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp

A

alopecia totalis

58
Q

the total loss of hair on all parts of the body

A

alopecia universalis

59
Q

a general term for practices and systems of health care used in place of allopathic medicine

A

alternative medicine

60
Q

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language

A

Alzheimer’s disease

61
Q

dimness of vision or partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye

A

amblyopia

62
Q

the abnormal absence of menstrual periods for three months or more

A

amenorrhea

63
Q

any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina

A

ametropia

64
Q

a memory disturbance marked by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences

A

amnesia

65
Q

a surgical puncture to remove amniotic fluid to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenital disorders

A

amniocentesis

66
Q

a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

67
Q

a small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that can cause severe pain during a bowel movement

A

anal fissure

68
Q

a medication that relieves pain without affecting consciousness

A

analgesic

69
Q

a severe, systemic response to an allergen

A

anaphylaxis

70
Q

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

A

anaplasia

71
Q

a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

A

anastomosis

72
Q

marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone, gradually beginning in the later 40s and progressing very gradually over several decades

A

andropause

73
Q

a disorder characterized by lower than normal level of red blood cells in the blood

A

anemia

74
Q

the absence of normal sensation, especially sensitivity to pain

A

anesthesia

75
Q

medication used to induce anesthesia

A

anesthetic

76
Q

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

A

aneurysm

77
Q

the surgical removal of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmectomy

78
Q

surgical suturing of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmorrhaphy

79
Q

episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

A

angina

80
Q

the process through which the tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply

A

angiogenesis

81
Q

the film produced by angiography

A

angiogram

82
Q

a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium

A

angiography

83
Q

mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

A

angioplasty

84
Q

abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

A

angiostenosis

85
Q

the abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat

A

anhidrosis

86
Q

a condition in which the pupils are unequal in size

A

anisocoria

87
Q

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

A

ankylosing spondylitis

88
Q

the loss of absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure

A

ankylosis

89
Q

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

A

anomaly

90
Q

the loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by a disease

A

anorexia

91
Q

an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to a refusal to maintain a normal body weight

A

anorexia nervosa

92
Q

the visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum

A

anoscopy

93
Q

the absence of ovulation when it would normally be expected

A

anovulation

94
Q

the absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues or organs despite adequate flow of blood

A

anoxia

95
Q

medications to relieve indigestion or help peptic ulcers heal by neutralizing stomach acids

A

antacids

96
Q

the form of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust in the lungs

A

anthracosis

97
Q

a contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock

A

anthrax

98
Q

cancer treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor

A

antiangiogenesis

99
Q

medication administered to control irregularities of the heartbeat

A

antiarrhythmic

100
Q

develops when an antibiotic fails to kill all of the bacteria it targets. when this occurs, the surviving bacteria become resistant to that particular drug

A

antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Glossary of Pathology (2 decks)

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