Abdominal Conditions

Question 1

where is the stomach located?

Answer 1

left upper quadrant/ epigastric

Question 2

what is the function of the stomach?

Answer 2

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Question 3

where is the liver located?

Answer 3

upper right quadrant/ epigastric

Question 4

what are the 3 functions of the liver?

Answer 4

production of bile
regulates chemical levels in blood
aids waste elimination

Question 5

where is the pancreas located?

Answer 5

epigastric

Question 6

what is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 6

making enzymes and hormones

Question 7

where is the gallbladder?

Answer 7

upper right quadrant, next to liver

Question 8

what is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 8

storage of bile

Question 9

where is the spleen located?

Answer 9

upper left quadrant

Question 10

what is the function of the spleen?

Answer 10

blood filtration

Question 11

where are the kidneys located?

Answer 11

left and right lumbar/ flank

Question 12

what is the function of the kidneys? (4)

Answer 12

waste removal
control bp
make red blood cells
control ph levels

Question 13

where is the appendix located?

Answer 13

lower right quadrant

Question 14

where is the bladder located?

Answer 14

hypogastric region

Question 15

what are the 5 abdominal red flags?

Answer 15

sepsis markers
servere pain 
severe vomiting 
dehydration 
significant bleeds

Question 16

what 6 condition could present as epigastric pain?

Answer 16

gastritis 
GORD 
pancreatitis 
barrets 
oesophageal varicies 
oesophagitis

Question 17

what is the gastritis?

Answer 17

inflamed stomach lining following damage by toxic substances.

Question 18

what are the 4 symptoms of gastritis?

Answer 18

indigestion
during stomach
nausea
feeling full

Question 19

what is GORD? (gastric oesophageal reflux disease)

Answer 19

chronic acid reflux, occurs when stomach acid leaks up the oesophagus due to weak sphincters

Question 20

what are the 4 symptoms of GORD?

Answer 20

acid reflux 2x weekly
bad breath
bloating
oesophagitis

Question 21

what is pancreatitis?

Answer 21

inflammation of the pancreas. caused by gallstones (acute) or excess alcohol consumption (chronic)

Question 22

what are the 3 symptoms of pancreatitis?

Answer 22

severe epigastric pain radiating into back
temperature
diarrhoea

Question 23

what is Barretts?

Answer 23

serious complication of GORD. stomach acid damages the smooth muscle which causes it the grow abnormally.

Question 24

what are the symptoms of Barretts?

Answer 24

none specific

Question 25

what is oesophageal varicies?

Answer 25

enlarge viens in the oesophagus, often linked to liver disease. when the blood flow to liver is restricted, the blood flows into smaller vessels causing enlargement

Question 26

what are the symptoms of oesophageal varicies?

Answer 26

none until rupture then cat heam

Question 27

what is oesophagitis?

Answer 27

inflammation of oesophagus caused by GORD and chronic acid reflux.

Question 28

symptoms of oesophagitis (4)

Answer 28

dysphagia acid reflux food impaction chest pain post eating

Question 29

what are the 4 possible causes of R hypochondriac pain?

Answer 29

hepatic issues cholecystitis cholangitis biliary colic

Question 30

what are the 5 symptoms of hepatic issues?

Answer 30

jaundice itchy skin dark urine pale stool

Question 31

what is cholecystitis?

Answer 31

inflammation of gallbladder usually caused by a gallstone blocking the cystic duct

Question 32

what are the 5 symptoms of cholecystitis?

Answer 32

``` sharp constant pain temperature N and V sweating abdo distension ```

Question 33

what is cholangitis?

Answer 33

inflammation of bile ducts that transport bile around. usually caused by gallstones blocking ducts

Question 34

what are 4 symptoms of cholangitis?

Answer 34

temperature jaundice clay stools hypotension

Question 35

what is bilary colic?

Answer 35

pain associated with gallstones passing

Question 36

what are the 3 conditions associated with L hypochondriac pain?

Answer 36

pancreatitis splenic rupture splenic abscess

Question 37

what are the 5 symptoms of splenic rupture?

Answer 37

``` shock tachycardia hypotension bruising over spleen reduced gcs ```

Question 38

what is a splenic abscess?

Answer 38

usually form as a result of bacteria infection or endocarditis

Question 39

what are the 3 symptoms of splenic abscess?

Answer 39

shoulder tip pain palatable mass infection markers

Question 40

what are the 3 conditions linked to R or L lumbar pain?

Answer 40

renal colic kidney infection ulcerative colitis

Question 41

what is renal colic?

Answer 41

pain associated with kidney stones as they pass, goes away once passed

Question 42

what is a kidney infection?

Answer 42

upper UTI causes by bacteria entering urine tract

Question 43

what are 5 symptoms of kidney infection?

Answer 43

``` flank pain temperature changes to urine frequency dysuria hematuria ```

Question 44

what is ulcerative colitis?

Answer 44

idiopathic bowel disease that causes ulcers and inflammation to colon. when who digestive system is effected called chrons disease

Question 45

what are 3 symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

Answer 45

diarrhoea increased bowel movements blood in stool

Question 46

what are 7 conditions associated with hypogastric pain?

Answer 46

``` bowel obstructions gastroenteritis AAA lower UTI STI PID ectopic pregnancy ```

Question 47

what are 5 symptoms of bowel obstruction?

Answer 47

``` cramping bloating dehydration constipation lack of appetite ```

Question 48

what is gastroenteritis?

Answer 48

inflammation of digestive system can be either bacterial or viral

Question 49

symptoms of gastroenteritis? (2)

Answer 49

diarrhoea and vomiting

Question 50

what is a AAA?

Answer 50

bulge or swelling of aortia. caused by lifestyle choices (smoking)

Question 51

symptoms of AAA? (2)

Answer 51

lower back pain | pulsating abdo

Question 52

what is a STI?

Answer 52

sexually transmitted infected by skin-to-skin contact

Question 53

what is PID?

Answer 53

pelvic inflammatory disease, infection of reproductive organs

Question 54

what are 3 symptoms of PID?

Answer 54

painful sex heavy periods unusal discharge

Question 55

what are 4 symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 55

pregnancy symptoms shoulder tip pain unilateral abdo pain (tube) vaginal bleeding

Question 56

what is an appendicitis?

Answer 56

swelling or rupture of appendix due to obstruction

Question 57

3 symptoms of appendicitis?

Answer 57

umbilical pain moving to R iliac rebound tenderness mcburneys and Rosvings signs

Question 58

what is diverticulitis?

Answer 58

infection of diverticula caused by obstruction

Question 59

what are diverticula?

Answer 59

sac-like pushes that form in small intestines as a result of chronic constipation

Question 60

what is an ovarian cyst? what can it cause?

Answer 60

fuild filled sac that grows on either ovary idiopathic cause. irregular periods

Question 61

What is McBurney's point

Answer 61

3.8–5.1 cm from the navel to the right boney hip. indicates appendicitis

Question 62

what is Rovsing's sign?

Answer 62

when pressing on left lumbar region causes pain in R (appendicitis)

Question 63

what is grey-tuners sign?

Answer 63

bruising to flanks sometimes pancreatitis

Question 64

what is cullens sign? what are 2 causes?

Answer 64

oedema and bruising to umbilical area. pancreatitis or hepatic issues

Question 65

what is Murphys sign? what does it mean?

Answer 65

pain under r rips when taking a deep breath in. gallstones