Abdominal examination Flashcards
(31 cards)
Palm inspection
Pallor
Palmar erythema
Dupuytren’s contracture
Causes of palmar erythema
Chronic liver disease
Normal in pregnancy
Causes of Dupuytren’s contracture
genetics, excessive alcohol use, increasing age, male gender, diabetes
Nail signs
Koilonychia
Leukonychia
Clubbing
Causes of Koilonychia
Iron deficiency anaemia- malabsorption in crohn’s disease
Causes of leukonychia
hypoalbuminemia- end stage liver disease, coeliac disease, liver cirrhosis
Causes of leukonychia
hypoalbuminemia- end stage liver disease, protein losing enteropathy
Causes of clubbing
end stage liver disease, coeliac disease, liver cirrhosis
Causes of Asterixis
hepatic encephalopathy (due to hypoammonaemia) Uraemia secondary to renal failure
What does cool hands indicate
Poor peripheral perfusion
Causes of bruising
clotting abnormalities secondary to liver cirrhosis
Causes of Acanthosis nigricans
insulin resistance in type to diabetes
gastrointestinal malignancy
benign
Causes of hair loss in the axilla
IDA, malnutrition
Causes of conjunctival pallor
anaemia
Causes of corneal arcus
Under 50- hypercholesterolaemia
over 60- benign
Causes of Xanthelasma
hypercholesterolaemia
Causes of Kayser-Fleischer rings
Wilson’s disease
Causes of Perilimbal injection
IBD
Causes of angular stomatitis
IDA, GI malignancy, malabsorption
Causes of glossitis
Iron, B12 and folate deficiency
Causes of oral candidiasis
immunosuppression
Causes of aphthous ulceration
iron, B12, folate deficiency, Crohn’s
Benign
Causes of hyperpigmented macules
Peutiz Jegher’s syndrome- autosomal dominant- development of polyps
Causes of Virchow’s node enlargement
metastatic intrabdominal malignancy
