Abdominal Imagining

Question 1

What is volvulus of bowel?

Answer 1

Bowel twisting on itself causing obstruction

Question 2

What is a common site of inflammation in Crohn’s disease?

Answer 2

Terminal ileum

Question 3

What is the typical cause of an apple core lesion on xray - barium enema?

Answer 3

Large bowel adenocarcinoma

Question 3

Causes of small bowel obstruction?

Answer 3

Previous surgery - adhesions

IBD - stricture

Tumour - lymphoma

Incarcerated hernia

Question 4

What is Wiglet’s sign?

Answer 4

Sharply defined bowel wall with air on both sides of wall

Question 5

What are the ridges in the small bowel called?

Answer 5

Valves of Kerkring

Plicae circulares

Valvulae conniventes

Question 6

What are complications of recurrent diverticulosis?

Answer 6

Strictures > Obstruction

Question 8

What are some causes of air under the diaphragm?

Answer 8

Perforated bowel

Post surgery

Question 9

What are some contraindications for barium? Why?

Answer 9

Bowel Perforation

Imminent surgery

Barium can cause peritonitis

Question 10

Causes of large bowel obstructions?

Answer 10

Strictures - previous surgery, diverticulosis

Cancer

Faecal impaction

Ischaemic bowel

Question 11

How do abscesses appear on CT?

Answer 11

Dark fluid with bright capsule

Question 12

How wide is dilated small bowel, large bowel and caecum

Answer 12

3cm - Small bowel

6 - Large bowel

9 - Caecum

Question 13

At what bleeding rate must you be at for bleeding to be picked up on CT?

Answer 13

1mL/min

Question 14

Causes of acute PR bleeding with bright blood?

Answer 14

Diverticular disease

Angiodysplasia

Colonitis

Cancer

Fissure/haemorroids

Question 15

4 locations for portal-systemic anastomoses

Answer 15

Lower oesophageal

Rectal

Umbilical

Retroperitoneal

Question 16

What is the normal diameter of the common bile duct?

Answer 16

4-8mm (gets bigger with age)

Question 17

What percentage of gall stones are high density on Xray/CT?

Answer 17

10% / 10-30%

Question 18

What percentage of renal calculi are radio opaque on CT?

Answer 18

All

Question 19

What is a pseudocyst?

Answer 19

Fluid not lined by an epithelial layer

Question 20

Painless jaundice, what do you think first?

Answer 20

Pancreatic cancer

Question 21

How do you differentiate a gall stone from polyp in gall bladder?

Answer 21

It’s mobile and shadowing

Question 22

What must the patient do in prep for abdominal US?

Answer 22

Fast, at least 6 hours

• Gas gets in the way and gall bladder contracts after eating

Question 23

US signs for cholecystitis

Answer 23

US positive Murphy’s

Gall bladder wall thickening

Pericholecystic fluid (fluid around the gall bladder)

Question 24

How is small bowel obstruction diagnosed on abdominal xray?

Answer 24

Small bowel obstruction of >2.5cm

Question 25

What is the definitive imaging for small bowel obstruction?

Answer 25

CT abdo with oral contrast