Abdominal Lecture Midterm

Question 1

Which fold of peritoneum is formed by the inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 1

Lateral umbilical fold

Example sentence: The inferior epigastric vessels form the lateral umbilical fold.

Question 2

One of the main arteries of the anterior abdominal wall is a branch from the:

Answer 2

External iliac artery

No additional information.

Question 3

What is the only muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that doesn’t originate from the thoracolumbar fascia?

Answer 3

External oblique

No additional information.

Question 4

The medial border of the rectus abdominis is separated from its pair by the:

Answer 4

Linea alba

No additional information.

Question 5

Most muscle fibers of the external oblique run in what direction from their superior attachment?

Answer 5

Run inferomedially from their superior attachment

No additional information.

Question 6

What nerve travels through the inguinal canal?

Answer 6

Ilioinguinal

No additional information.

Question 7

What fossae separates the median and medial umbilical folds?

Answer 7

Supravesical fossae

No additional information.

Question 8

The processes vaginalis is formed from the

Answer 8

Peritoneum

No additional information.

Question 9

What joins primordial testes to the anterolateral abdominal wall at the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 9

Gubernaculum

No additional information.

Question 10

What peritoneal derivative carries muscular and fascial layers to cover the spermatic cord into the primordial scrotum?

Answer 10

Processus vaginalis

No additional information.

Question 11

What is the external layer of the scrotum that is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia?

Answer 11

Dartos fascia

No additional information.

Question 12

What is the visceral layer of the testes called?

Answer 12

Tunica albuginea

No additional information.

Question 13

The tail of _____ continues to the ductus deferens.

Answer 13

Epididymis

No additional information.

Question 14

After moving a box, a 20 year old man presents to his doctor with a bulge in his left groin that does not descent into the scrotum. The bulge is above pubic tubercle, close to the midline, and feels like it can pass directly into the abdominal cavity. What is most likely?

Answer 14

Direct inguinal hernia

No additional information.

Question 15

From which layers of the anterior abdominal wall is the internal spermatic fascia derived?

Answer 15

Transversalis fascia

No additional information.

Question 16

The nerve supply to the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 16

Travels between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle

No additional information.

Question 17

What is the action of rectus abdominis muscle on the trunk / lumbar spine?

Answer 17

Flexion

Question 18

The lesser peritoneal sac (omental bursa) communicates with the greater peritoneal sac through the

Answer 18

Epiploic (omental) foramen

Example sentence: The epiploic foramen allows communication between the lesser and greater peritoneal sacs.

Question 19

The visceral peritoneum is from _____ mesoderm.

Answer 19

Splanchnic

Question 20

Which organs are considered to be secondary retroperitoneal?

Answer 20

A. Duodenum
B. Pancreas
C. Ascending colon

Question 21

What foramen is responsible for the communication that occurs between the greater and lesser peritoneal sac?

Answer 21

Foramen of Winslow / Omental Foramen / Epipolic Foramen

Question 22

What is the remnant of the umbilical vein?

Answer 22

Round ligament of the liver

Question 23

What makes up the midgut?

Answer 23

A. 1/2 distal duodenum
B. 1/2 pancreas
C. Jejunum
D. Ileum
E. Cecum
F. Appendix
G. Ascending colon
H. 2/3 proximal transverse colon

Question 24

What is the name of the ligament that is between the stomach and diaphragm?

Answer 24

Gastrophrenic ligament

Question 25

Parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerve innervate

Answer 25

Ascending colon ## Footnote

Question 26

What is the arterial supply of the foregut?

Answer 26

Celiac trunk ## Footnote

Question 27

What is the venous drainage for the hindgut?

Answer 27

Inferior mesenteric vein ## Footnote

Question 28

What parasympathetic nerve is responsible for defecation?

Answer 28

Pelvic sphlancic ## Footnote A. Pelvic sphlancic

Question 29

Which sympathetic nerve synapses on the renal plexus?

Answer 29

Least sphlancic nerve ## Footnote A. Least sphlancic nerve

Question 30

What are examples of serous membrane?

Answer 30

The visceral and parietal peritoneum ## Footnote A. Serous membrane

Question 31

What parasympathetic nerve is responsible for defecation?

Answer 31

Pelvic sphlancic ## Footnote A. Pelvic sphlancic

Question 32

Which sympathetic nerve synapses on the renal plexus?

Answer 32

Least sphlancic nerve ## Footnote A. Least sphlancic nerve

Question 33

What is the arterial supply of the transverse colon?

Answer 33

Middle colic artery ## Footnote A. Middle colic artery

Question 34

What is the arterial supply of the rectum?

Answer 34

Superior rectal artery ## Footnote A. Superior rectal artery

Question 35

Where do all lymphatics from the abdomen collect?

Answer 35

Chyle cistern ## Footnote A. Chyle cistern

Question 36

What is the largest and most mobile part of the large intestines?

Answer 36

Transverse colon ## Footnote A. Transverse colon

Question 37

What embryonic structure is found in the inferior border of the falciform ligament?

Answer 37

Umbilical vein ## Footnote A. Umbilical vein

Question 38

What is the anastomatic artery running along the border of the large intestine called?

Answer 38

Marginal artery ## Footnote A. Marginal artery

Question 39

Which structure is a remnant of the embryonic ventral mesentery?

Answer 39

Falciform ligament ## Footnote A. Falciform ligament

Question 40

Which artery supplies the terminal end of the ileum, the cecum, the appendix, and the proximal ascending colon?

Answer 40

Ileocolic artery ## Footnote A. Ileocolic artery

Question 41

What is the name of the mesentery attached to the transverse colon?

Answer 41

Transverse mesocolon ## Footnote A. Transverse mesocolon

Question 42

What is a characteristic unique to the small intestine?

Answer 42

Plicae circulares ## Footnote A

Question 43

What divides the right and left lobe of the liver?

Answer 43

Falciform ligament ## Footnote B

Question 44

At what vertebral level does the esophagus pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

Answer 44

T10 ## Footnote C

Question 45

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

Answer 45

Short gastric artery Posterior gastric artery Left gastro-omental artery

Question 46

Where does the right gastro-epiploic or omental artery branch from?

Answer 46

Gastroduodenal artery ## Footnote E

Question 47

What is the name of the post-synaptic parasympathetic innervation of the stomach?

Answer 47

Celiac plexus ## Footnote F

Question 48

What organ does the majority of the lymph that enters the thoracic duct come from?

Answer 48

Liver ## Footnote G

Question 49

The internal opening of the hepatopancreatic ampulla is the

Answer 49

Major duodenal papilla ## Footnote H

Question 50

In an embryo, the loop of the midgut and hindgut is is NOT destined to form what organ?

Answer 50

Stomach ## Footnote I

Question 51

This embryonic structure is found in the inferior border of the falciform ligament

Answer 51

Umbilical vein ## Footnote J

Question 52

What includes the portal triad?

Answer 52

Portal triad includes portal vein Common bile duct Proper hepatic artery ## Footnote K

Question 53

Which arteries travel posterior to the pancreatic neck and anterior to the uncinate process?

Answer 53

Superior mesenteric arteries ## Footnote L

Question 54

The body of what organ passes over the abdominal aorta and L2?

Answer 54

Pancreas ## Footnote M

Question 55

The right and left vagal trunks pass through which opening in the diaphragm?

Answer 55

A. Esophageal hiatus

Question 56

Numbness, tingling, burning on the lateral aspect of the upper thigh is caused by compression of which nerve?

Answer 56

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 57

The left gonadal vein usually drains into the

Answer 57

A. Left renal vein

Question 58

The embryological structure that gives rise to the ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, and collecting ducts is the

Answer 58

Ureteric bud

Question 59

The suprarenal glands

Answer 59

Are typically each drained by one vein

Question 60

The gonadal arteries arise from the abdominal aorta at the vertebral level of

Answer 60

L2

Question 61

Which structure within the hilum of the kidney is the most anterior?

Answer 61

Renal vein

Question 62

What fetal structure allows blood to bypass the right and left atrium through a shunt?

Answer 62

Foremen ovale

Question 63

What is the adult form of the ductus arteriosis?

Answer 63

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 64

What is the adult form of the umbilical artery?

Answer 64

A. Medial umbilical fold

Question 65

What is the adult form of the ductus venosus?

Answer 65

Ligamentum venosum

Question 66

What is the vertebral level of the kidneys?

Answer 66

T12-l3

Question 67

Which renal structure is anterior to the renal arter?

Answer 67

Renal vein

Question 68

What is the embryological system that functions during weeks 6-10 of kidney development?

Answer 68

Mesonephros

Question 69

The urinary bladder is continuous with which structure?

Answer 69

Allantois

Question 70

Which embryological bud induces metanephros development?

Answer 70

Ureteric bud

Question 71

Where does the right suprarenal vein drain into?

Answer 71

Inferior vena cava

Question 72

The renal pelvis receives urine directly from the

Answer 72

Major calices

Question 73

Which kidney structure is responsible for filtration and oxygen exchange?

Answer 73

Glomerulus

Question 74

What nerve roots are responsible for motor innervation of the diaphragm?

Answer 74

A. C3, C4, C5

Question 75

What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm that the inferior vena cava travels through?

Answer 75

Caval

Question 76

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 76

A. T12, L1–4

Question 77

At what vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery divide into the common iliac arteries?

Answer 77

L4

Question 78

What nerve supplies motor innervation to the adductors and sensory to the medial thigh

Answer 78

Obturator

Question 79

Which suprarenal arteries branch directly from the aorta?

Answer 79

A. Middle suprarenal artery

Question 80

All of the following pertain to the abdominal aorta except

Answer 80

It only has 2 branches that supply abdominal viscera

Question 81

lesser omentum is a double layer of peritoneum which is attached to the

Answer 81

Duodenum Liver Stomach

Question 82

liver and falciform ligament form what mesentery

Answer 82

Ventral

Question 83

The bare area of the liver is bounded by the

Answer 83

A. Coronary ligament

Question 84

woman suffers fractures her left ribs 8-10. Which organ could be damaged that would cause internal bleeding?

Answer 84

Spleen (behind ribs 9-11)

Question 85

portal vein is formed by the union of the

Answer 85

Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric Splenic veins

Question 86

gastroduodenal artery bifurcates into the

Answer 86

Right gastro-omental and superior pancreatico duodenal