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Anatomy- Abdominal & Pelvis > Abdominal- Organs > Flashcards

Abdominal- Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are included in first deciduous set of teeth?

Once shed, they are replaced with adult set. What are they?

A

2 incisors
1 canine
2 molars

2 incisor
1 canine
2 premolar
3 molars (1=wisdom)

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2
Q

What are the 3 specialized mineralized tissues of the teeth?

A

Enamel= outer layer of crown

Cementum= lines of alveolar bone

Dentin= deep to enamel & cementum; makes up bulk of tooth

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3
Q

Tongue = Skeletal muscle + _________

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Describe the following parts of the tongue:

Filiform

Fungiform

Circumvalate

Foliate

A

Filiform= covers most of tongue; NO taste buds

Fungiform= little pale dots, have taste buds

Circumvalate= large papillae near posterior tongue, have taste buds & secretory glands

Foliate= longitudinal folds on lateral part of tongue; have taste buds & secretory glands

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5
Q

The generic gut tube from inside to outside

A

“ELMSCLA”
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae
Submucosa
Circular
Longitudinal
Adventitia/serosa

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6
Q

Mucosa in gut tube has 2 jobs. What are they?

A

1) Extract nutrients from food
2) Protect body from pathogens

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of mucosa?

A

“ELM”
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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8
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Arteries, veins, lymph
Ganglia
Glands
Lymph nodules

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9
Q

Muscularis externa moves contents of gut tube. What does it contain?

A

Inner circular layer
Myenteric ganglia: nerve cells
Outer longitudinal layer

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10
Q

What is responsible for anchoring gut tube to nearby structures?

A

Adventitia

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11
Q

What job does serosa have with gut tube?

A

Lubricates gut tube

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12
Q

What sphincter keeps esophagus closed?

A

Upper esophagus sphincter

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13
Q

What’s the difference in epithelium of esophagus and stomach?

A

Esophagus= stratified squamous

Stomach= Simple columnar

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14
Q

Which sphincter keeps acidic gastric stuff out of esophagus?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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15
Q

Dysfunction of lower esophageal sphincter can lead to what?

A

GERD

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16
Q

Prolonged GERD can lead to __________ of esophagus.

Increased risk of _________.

A

Metaplasia

Adenocarcinoma

17
Q

What organ is known as the “abdominal policeman”

A

Greater omentum

18
Q

How does the stomach mechanically digest food?

A

Muscularis externa

19
Q

How does the stomach chemically digest food?

A

Hydrochloric acid

20
Q

What helps expand the stomach?

A

Rugae

21
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach?
List if their role is mainly digestive or mucous?

A

Cardia- mucous
Fundus- digestive
Body- digestive
Pyloris- mucous

22
Q

Stomach’s outside protective layer is called ____________

A

Tunica serosa

(has 3 Smooth muscle layers under it)

23
Q

Describe angle of the stomach muscle layers

A

Outside- longitudinal
Middle-circular
Innermost- oblique

24
Q

Parietal cells in stomach produce _______

A

HCl

25
Q

Chief cells in stomach produce ____________

A

precursors of digestive enzymes (like pepsin, rennin, lipase)

26
Q

What are 3 things that can cause peptic ulcer

A

1) Excessive HCl
2) long-term NSAID use
3) Helicobacter pylorii infection

27
Q

What 4 things does the small intestine do?

A

Raises pH of food as it exits pyloric sphincter

Adds bile from liver

Adds digestive enzyme from pancreas

Absorbs nutrients

28
Q

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

29
Q

Why can celiac disease cause malabsorption?

A

Celiac disease creates an immune response to gluten and the inflammation harms the villi. The villi are essential to nutrient absorption.

30
Q

What is the role of the duodenum?

A

Neutralizes gastric content acidity

Controls release of pancreatic enzymes & bile

31
Q

What about the duodenum helps it neutralize the acidity?

A

Mucous and bicarbonate secretions

32
Q

Describe what happens in the duodenum in the following 4 sections

A

1st – Superior: receives gastric contents.

2nd – Descending: receives common bile duct from liver and pancreas.

3rd – Inferior: passes posterior to
the superior mesenteric vessels.

4th – Ascending: anchored by suspensory muscle/ligament,
becomes jejunum thereafter.

33
Q

The suspensory muscle / duodenum ligament is an extension of the ____________________

A

Right crura of Diaphgram

34
Q

In order to see the 2nd and 3rd part of the small intestine, what do we need to lift?

A

The greater omentum

35
Q

Jejunum is typically located in what quadrant?

A

LUQ

36
Q

Ileum is typically located in what quadrant?

A

RLQ

37
Q

What makes the jejunum different than the duodenum and ileum?

A

Jejunum has no special structures such as submucosa

38
Q

Proteins & carbs mainly travel through _____________

Fat mainly travels through ______________

A

intestinal veins

lymphatic ducts

Anatomy- Abdominal & Pelvis (7 decks)

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