abdominal wall

Question 1

STRUCTURE OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL

Answer 1

✓ Skin
✓ Superficial Fascia
✓ Deep Fascia
✓ Muscles
✓ Extraperitoneal Fascia
✓ Parietal Peritoneum

Question 2

loosely attached to the
underlying structures except
at umbilicus

Answer 2

skin

Question 3

run downward and forward
almost horizontally around
the trunk

Answer 3

Natural lines of cleavage

Question 4

derived from the anterior rami of the lower 6 thoracic and 1st lumbar
nerves

Answer 4

NERVE SUPPLY OF THE SKIN

Question 5

Lower 6 thoracic

Answer 5

Intercostal Nerves of the 7th rib to
11th rib and Subcostal Nerve

Question 6

1st Lumbar nerves

Answer 6

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerves

Question 7

ARTERIES OF THE SKIN

Answer 7

Branches of the Intercostal, Lumbar, and Deep Circumflex Iliac
Arteries

Branches of the
Superior and Inferior
Epigastric Arteries

Branches of Femoral artery

Question 8

VEINS OF THE SKIN

Answer 8

Axillary Vein
Lateral Thoracic Vein

Superficial Epigastric &
Great Saphenous Veins
Femoral Vein

Question 9

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
2 layers:

Answer 9

fascia of camper - fatty layer
scarpa’s fascia - membranous layer

Question 10

• superficial fatty layer
• may be extremely thick
  (3 in / 8 cm / moooore)

Answer 10

fascia of camper

Question 11

• deep membranous layer
• thin and fades out
  laterally and above

Answer 11

scarpa’s fascia

Question 12

• merely a thin layer of
  connective tissue
  covering the muscles
• lies immediately deep
  to the membranous
  layer of superficial
  fascia

Answer 12

deep fascia

Question 13

Connective tissue framework of body

Answer 13

fasciae

Question 14

• Between skin and underlying organs
• Areolar tissue and adipose
Tissue
• Also known as subcutaneous layer or hypodermis

Answer 14

superficial fascia

Question 15

• Forms a strong, fibrous internal framework
• Dense connective tissue
• Bound to capsules, tendons. ligaments, etc.

Answer 15

deep fascia

Question 16

• Between serous membranes and deep fascia
• Areolar tissue

Answer 16

areolar tissues

Question 17

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

exterior to interior

Answer 17

Exterior to Interior:

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus

Question 18

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

either side of midline

Answer 18

Either side of midline:

Rectus Abdominis
Rectus Sheath
Pyramidalis

Question 19

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLES

origin & insertion

Answer 19

Origin
Lower eight ribs

Insertion
Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, iliac crest

Question 20

INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLES

origin & insertion

Answer 20

Origin
Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral two thirds of inguinal ligament

Insertion
Lower three ribs and costal cartilages, xiphoid process, linea alba, symphysis pubis

Question 21

TRANSVERSUS MUSCLE

origin & insertion

Answer 21

Origin
Lower six costal carti-lages, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral third of inguinal ligament

Insertion
Xiphoid process, linea alba, symphysis pubis

Question 22

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

origin & insertion

Answer 22

Origin
Symphysis pubis and pubic crest

Insertion
5th, 6th and 7th costal cartilages and xiphoid process

Question 23

• curved ridge formed by the lateral
  margin upon contraction
• from tip of 9th costal cartilage to
  pubic tubercle

Answer 23

• Linea semilunaris

Question 24

• 3 segments of the muscle:
  o Level of xiphoid process
  o Level of umbilicus
  o Halfway between these two

Answer 24

• Tendinous intersections

Question 25

- a long fibrous sheath that encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscle - formed by the aponeuroses of the 3 lateral abdominal muscles - Contains the anterior rami of the lower 6 thoracic nerves and the superior and inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 25

RECTUS SHEATH

Question 26

- a fibrous band that separate the rectus sheath - from xiphoid process to symphysis pubis

Answer 26

• Linea Alba

Question 27

Note on Rectus Sheath: Posterior wall - Anterior wall –

Answer 27

not attached to the rectus abdominis muscle firmly attached to tendinous intersections

Question 28

pyramidalis origin & insertion

Answer 28

Origin Anterior surface of pubis Insertion Linea alba

Question 29

nerve supply 12th thoracic nerve action

Answer 29

Tenses the linea alba

Question 30

Laterally flex and rotate the trunk

Answer 30

oblique muscles

Question 31

Flexes the trunk and stabilizes the pelvis

Answer 31

rectus abdominis

Question 32

Keeps linea alba taut

Answer 32

pyramidalis

Question 33

Lower 6 thoracic nerves Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

Answer 33

Oblique and Transversus Muscles

Question 34

Lower 6 thoracic nerves

Answer 34

Rectus Abdominis

Question 35

Supplied by 12th thoracic nerve

Answer 35

pyramidalis

Question 36

- Pass forward in the interval between the internal oblique and transversus muscle - Supply skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum

Answer 36

NERVES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

Question 37

- branch of the internal thoracic artery - enters rectus sheath between sternal and costal origins of diaphragm - descends behind the rectus muscle - supply the upper central part - anastomose with inferior epigastric artery

Answer 37

Superior Epigastric Artery

Question 38

- branch of the external iliac artery just above the inguinal ligament - pierce fascia transversalis to enter rectus sheath anterior to arcuate line - ascend behind rectus muscle - supply lower central part - anastomose with superior epigastric artery

Answer 38

Inferior Epigastric Artery

Question 39

- branch of the external iliac artery just above the inguinal ligament - supplies the lower lateral part

Answer 39

Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery

Question 40

– connect network through the umbilicus to the portal vein

Answer 40

Paraumbilical veins

Question 41

Deep Veins

Answer 41

Superior Epigastric Vein Inferior Epigastric Vein Deep Circumflex Iliac Veins

Question 42

MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

Answer 42

Psoas Muscle Quadratus Lumborum Muscle Transversus Abdominis Iliacus

Question 43

One continuous layer of CT that lies between parietal peritoneum and muscles

Answer 43

FASCIAL LINING OF THE ABDOMINAL WALLS

Question 44

Undersurface of the diaphragm

Answer 44

Diaphragmatic Fascia

Question 45

Lines the transversus abdominis

Answer 45

Transversalis Fascia

Question 46

Covers the psoas muscle

Answer 46

Psoas Fascia

Question 47

Covers the quadratus lumborum

Answer 47

Quadratus Lumborum Fascia

Question 48

Covers the iliacus muscle

Answer 48

Iliaca Fascia

Question 49

- a thin layer of connective tissue that contains a variable amount of fat and lies between the fascia transversalis and the parietal peritoneum

Answer 49

EXTRAPERITONEAL FAT

Question 50

lines the walls of the abdomen

Answer 50

PARIETAL PERITONEUM

Question 51

Central Part of Diaphragmatic Peritoneum

Answer 51

Phrenic Nerves

Question 52

Peripheral Part of Diaphragmatic Peritoneum

Answer 52

Lower Intercostal Nerves

Question 53

Peritoneal lining of Entire Abdominal Wall

Answer 53

Intercostal and Lumbar Nerves