Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region Lab Manual

Question 1

What is Camper’s fascia and where is it located?

Answer 1

• lower 1/3 of anterior abdominal wall

- superficial to Scarpa’s

Question 2

What is Scarpa’s fascia?

Answer 2

• Deeper membranous layer of the fascia on the anterior abdominal wall in lower 1/3 of abdomin

Question 3

Why can rupturing the urethra cause fluid buildup in the scrotum?

Answer 3

• Fluid can move freely in the fascia between the abdomin (Scarpa’s) and the scrotum

Question 4

What are the attachments for Scarpa’s fascia?

Answer 4

• iliac crest, fascia lata, inguinal ligament, ischiopubic ramus, and urogenital diaphragm

Question 5

What are the openings called where there is communication between Scarpa’s and the scrotal fascia and labial fascia?

Answer 5

• abominoscrotal and abdominolabial

Question 6

From what plexus are the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves derived?

Answer 6

L1 ventral ramus of the lumbar plexus

Question 7

What nerve supplying the abdominal wall is at the level of the xiphiod process?

Answer 7

7th intercostal

Question 8

What nerve distributes to the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus?

Answer 8

10th intercostal

Question 9

What nerve of the anterior abdominal wall is suprapubic?

Answer 9

iliohypogastric

Question 10

What nerve give rise to the labial or scrotal nerves?

Answer 10

ilioinguinal

Question 11

What are the 3 sets of superficial vessels that supply the inferior abdominal wall and where do they come from?

Answer 11

• superficial epigastric
• superficial circumflex iliac
• superficial external pudendal
• Aa. from the Femoral artery
• Vv. from great saphenous

Question 12

T or F: the three flat muscles of the abdomen have dual insertions.

Answer 12

True, Medially they insert to the linea alba and inferior they insert into structures in the inguinal region

Question 13

What are the three layers of the abdominal flat muscles form superficial to deep?

Answer 13

1. External abdominal oblique (hands in pocket)
2. Internal abdominal oblique
3. Transversus abdmoninis

Question 14

T or F: the inferior fibers of the internal abdominal oblique insert on the rectus sheath/linea alba?

Answer 14

False, they arch over and turn inferiorly to attach to the superior border of the pubic crest

Question 15

What are the inferior fibers of the internal abdominal oblique that arch over to attach to the pubic crest called?

Answer 15

Falx inguinalis

Question 16

What other fibers besides the inferior fibers of the internal abdominal oblique contribute to the falx inguinalis?

Answer 16

Fibers of the transversus abdominus

Question 17

Where do most of the nerves and vessels that supply the abdominal wall and muscles pass through?

Answer 17

They pass forward in the fascial plane between the internal abdominal oblique and the transversus muscles

Question 18

What is located on either side of the linea alba?

Answer 18

The rectus sheath

Question 19

What vessels can be accessed by cutting through the rectus sheath and rectus femoris?

Answer 19

Superior and inferior epigastric vessels

Question 20

What is the arcuate line?

Answer 20

where the change from 2 layer on top and bottom on rectus changes to 3 layers on top and 1 thin layer of transversalis fascia on the bottom

Question 21

What muscle forms the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 21

external abdominal oblique (divides into medial and lateral crura)

Question 22

Where is the external spermatic fascia derived from?

Answer 22

external abdominal oblique

Question 23

T or F: the external abdominal oblique contributes to the entire length of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

T or F: laterally fibers from the internal abdominal oblique are also part of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the lacunar ligament?

Answer 25

where the medial fibers of the inguinal ligament flatten horizontally and extend deep

Question 26

What is the lacunar ligament's deep attachment?

Answer 26

The pectineal line

Question 27

What does the lacunar ligament continue upward and laterally as?

Answer 27

pectineal ligament

Question 28

What part of the inguinal canal does the lacunar ligament contribute to?

Answer 28

- The medial part of the floor | NOTE: floor is mostly inguinal ligament

Question 29

T or F: the deep inguinal ring is formed by the reflection of the transversus fascia?

Answer 29

FALSE - its the transversalis fascia this is not associated with the muscle

Question 30

What makes the internal spermatic fascia of the testical?

Answer 30

Transversalis fascia

Question 31

What vessels are immediately medial to the deep ring?

Answer 31

inferior epigastric artery and vein

Question 32

T or F: the inferior epigastric artery and vein enter the rectus sheath

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What part of the inguinal canal is formed by the combined arching fibers of the internal abdominal obique and transversus abdominis?

Answer 33

The roof - Note: these arch from lateral to medial off of the inguinal ligament to form the conjoint tendon (falx inguinalis)

Question 34

Where does falx inguinalis/conjoint tendon insert?

Answer 34

Pubic crest

Question 35

What does the internal abdominal oblique give rise to in the spermatic cord?

Answer 35

cremaster muscle

Question 36

What structure strengthens the posterior wall of the inguinal ring medially?

Answer 36

falx inguinalis/conjoint tendon

Question 37

What structure strengthens the posterior wall of the inguinal ring posteriorly?

Answer 37

epigastric vessels

Question 38

What are the borders of the "weak area?"

Answer 38

``` Inguinal ligament laterally Inferior epigastric artery superiorly/laterally Falx inguinalis superiorly/medially Roof: Falx inguinalis Floor: Inguinal ligament lacunar ligament medially ```

Question 39

Where is the internal spermatic fascia formed and by what?

Answer 39

- transversalis fascia | - deep inguinal ring

Question 40

Where is the cremaster formed and where?

Answer 40

- internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis in the canal

Question 41

Where is the external spermatic fascia formed and where?

Answer 41

- external abdominal oblique | - external ring

Question 42

What is the vascular plexus within the spermatic cord?

Answer 42

pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 43

What is the thick connective tissue covering the testis?

Answer 43

Tunica albuginea

Question 44

Where does the ductus deferens begin?

Answer 44

at the epididymus of the testis

Question 45

What innervates the cremaster muscle and does this nerve travel through the femoral canal?

Answer 45

Genitofemoral, yes is travels through a portion

Question 46

stab wound in the lower left abdomen below the umbilicus, name the layers that are penetrated from superficial to deep.

Answer 46

1. Skin 2. Camper's 3. Scarpa's 4. External Abdominal Oblique 5. internal abdominal oblique 6. Transversus Abdominus 7. Transversalis Fascia 8. Extraperitoneal Fascia 9. Parietal peritoneum

Question 47

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 47

Extenal abdominal oblique | Internal abdominal oblique (laterally)

Question 48

What layers are part of the weak area of the posterior inguinal wall?

Answer 48

Transversalis fascia | Parietal peritoneum

Question 49

What structures of the abdomen give rise to the dartos muscle and fascia

Answer 49

Camper's and Scarpa's

Question 50

What tissue of the abdomen gives rise to the tunica vaginalis

Answer 50

Peritoneum

Question 51

From outside the scrotum to the inside of the spermatic cord what are the layers?

Answer 51

1. skin 2. Dartos and fascia 3. External spermatic fascia 4. Middle spermatic fascia and cremaster 5. Internal Spermatic fascia 6. Areolar tissue with localized fat 7. Tunica vaginalis