Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI anatomy > Abdominal wall and Peritoneum > Flashcards

Abdominal wall and Peritoneum Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The abdomen can be divided into nine regions. What is the horizontal plane most superior called?

A

Subcostal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The abdomen can be divided into nine regions. What is the horizontal plane most inferior called?

A

Transtubercular plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The abdomen can be divided into nine regions. What are the vertical lines called?

A

Midclavicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The abdomen can be divided into nine regions. Name the regions starting from the top right

A

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac
Right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
Right inguinal/iliac, hypogastric/suprapubic, left inguinal/iliac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The abdomen can also be divided into 4 quadrants. What is the plane that runs horizontally?

A

Umbilical plane -> runs straight through belly button, umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The abdomen can also be divided into 4 quadrants. what is the plane that runs vertically?

A

Median plane -> in the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The abdomen can also be divided into 4 quadrants. Name the quadrants from top right.

A

Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of the anterolateral wall?

A

External oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What direction do the external oblique muscle fibers run?

A

Downwards and forwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the origin of the external oblique muscle?

A

External surface of lower 8 ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the insertion of the external oblique muscle?

A

Linear alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of the iliac crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The free lower border of the external oblique muscle forms what ligament?

A

inguinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the intermediate muscle of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Internal oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What direction do the fibres of the internal oblique muscles slope?

A

forwards and upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Thoracodorsal fascia, anterior two-thirds of the iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique muscle?

A

The inferior border of the lower 3 ribs, linea alba, and pubis via conjoint tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the deepest anterolateral muscle of the abdominal wall?

A

Transversus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What direction to the fibres in the transversus abdominis run?

A

Horizontally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A

Internal surface of the lower 6 costal cartilages, thoracodorsal fascia, iliac crest, the lateral third of the inguinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?

A

Linar alba, pubic crest, pubis via conjoint tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What structures leave the intercostal spaces and run anteriorly, superficial to this muscle?

A

Lower thoracic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What structures compose the rectus sheath in the transverse section?

A

Parietal peritoneum,
Trasversalis fascia,
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
external oblique
linear alba
rectus abdomins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique and anterior lamina of internal oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of external oblique, inner oblique and transversus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the arcuate line?
The line formed where the posterior wall of the sheath thins out (as the aponeuroses of the muscles pass anterior to the rectus abdominis)
26
What are the contents of the rectus sheath?
Rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, superior and inferior epigastric vessels, lymphatic vessels, ventral rami of nerves T7-T12
27
Where does the pyramidalis originate?
Pubic crest
28
Where does the pyramidalis insert?
linear alba
29
what is the function of the pyramidalis?
Tenses the linear alba
30
What is the function of the rectus abdominis?
Flexes the trunk, compresses abdominal viscera and stabilises the tilt of the pelvis
31
What do the tendinous intersections do?
They fuse with the anterior wall of the rectus sheath
32
Which vessel does the inferior epigastric arise from?
external iliac
33
The inferior epigastric artery anastomoses with another vessel, what is it?
superior epigastric artery
34
where does the superior epigastric artery arise from?
musculophrenic artery
35
where does the superior epigastric artery enter the sheath?
the superior aspect, posterior to the rectus abdominis
36
in what direction do the thoracic nerves run within the sheath?
horizontally from lateral to medial
37
What structures contribute to the posterior wall of the sheath at the superior region?
posterior lamina of internal oblique and aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
38
What structures contribute to the posterior wall of the sheath at the inferior region?
transversalis fascia
39
Which nerves supply the anterolateral abdominal wall?
T7-T11, T12 (subcostal), L1 (ilioinguinal and iliohyogastric)
40
Between which muscles do these nerves run?
Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
41
Where do the lateral cutaneous branches of the T7-T11, T12 (subcostal), L1 (ilioinguinal and iliohyogastric) nerves pass through the subcutaneous tissue to reach the skin?
At the level of the anterior axillary line
42
Through which structure do the anterior cutaneous branches pass before entering the subcutaneous tisse?
rectus sheath
43
Which dermatomes supply the epigastric region?
T5-T9
44
Which dermatomes supply the umbilical region?
T10-T11
45
Which dermatomes supply the hypogastric region?
T12-L1
46
What and where is the inguinal canal?
An oblique passage through the abdominal wall just above the medial end of the inguinal ligament
47
Where does the inguinal canal extend from and to?
The deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring
48
Which structures form the boundaries of the inguinal canal?
Anterior wall -> external oblique aponeurosis Posterior wall -> transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon Floor -> inguinal ligament Roof -> arching fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
49
What does the inguinal canal contain?
spermatic cord (or round ligament in females), blood and lymphatic vessels, ilioinguinal nerve
50
What name is given to the layer of peritoneum that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
Parietal peritoneum
51
What name is given to the layer of peritoneum layer that invests the viscera?
Visceral peritoneum
52
What is an omentum?
Double layer of peritoneum that extends from one organ to another?
53
What is the transverse mesocolon?
a broad, meso-fold of peritoneum, which connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
54
what is the lesser omentum?
the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (hepatogastric ligament) and the first part of the duodenum (hepatoduodenal ligament).
55
what is the greater omentum?
fibro-fatty tissue that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon. It spans the width of the abdomen laterally and reaches the pelvis inferiorly.
56
what is the definition of a mesentery?
A double layer of peritoneum that suspends an organ from the body wall
57
What are 2 more examples of a mesentery?
sigmoid mesocolon and mesoappendix
58
what is the mesentary in the diagram?
The mesentery is an organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall in humans and is formed by the double fold of peritoneum.
59
How is the parietal peritoneum innervated?
somatic innervation
60
How is the visceral peritoneum innervated?
visceral (autonomic) innervation
61
What does the two types of innervation mean when considering pain perception?
The parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pressure, pain, temperature and laceration -> pain is well localised. The visceral peritoneum is insensitive to touch, temperature and laceration, it is stimulated by stretch and chemical irritation - pain is poorly localised
62
Where does the greater omentum attach superiorly?
greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum
63
Where does the greater omentum attach inferiorly?
the anterior surface of the transverse colon
64
what is a thing to note about the greater omentum?
the length of the greater omentum is greater than the distance between the stomach and transverse colon so it doubles back on itself forming four layers that tend to be fused together. It may contain varying amounts of fat and is often referred to as the "fatty apron
65
Where does the lesser omentum attach superiorly?
Liver

GI anatomy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions