Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 1

General function of abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 1

-contraction of muscular roof, floor, walls of “container”
-increases intra-abdominal pressure
-aids in expiration
-aids in expulsion of fluid, flatus, feces, and fetuses

Question 1

Respiratory diaphragm

Answer 1

-closes inferior thoracic aperture
-separates abdominopelvic cavity from thoracic cavity

Question 2

Respiratory diaphragm attaches to:

Answer 2

-osteological boundaries of inferior thoracic aperture (costal margin, xiphoid process, floating ribs)
-superior lumbar vertebrae

Question 3

Structure of resp diaphragm

Answer 3

-Right dome contains liver and pushes upwards
-Left dome is pushed down by heart
-Contains central tendon, sternal muscle, costal muscle, lumbar muscl
-Right and left crus
-Apertures

Question 4

Crus

Answer 4

Musculoteninous bands arising from lumbar vertebrae and anchor resp diaphragm to lumbar vertebrae

Question 5

Caval opening

Answer 5

-Inferior vena cava
-Most anterior
-Level T8

Question 6

Esophageal hiatus

Answer 6

-Esophagus
-Middle
-Level T10

Question 7

Aortic hiatus

Answer 7

-Aorta
-Located between crus
-Opening posterior to diaphragm
-Not a true opening
-Level T12

Question 8

Respiratory diaphragm during inspiration

Answer 8

-Contracts, flattening domes
-Domes descend
-Increases vertical dimension of thoracic cage
-Allows inspired air to fill lungs

Question 9

Respiratory diaphragm increasing intra-abdominal pressure

Answer 9

-Contraction increases IA pressure
-Increases IA pressure pushes diaphragm back upwards
-Results in forced expiration

Question 10

Inferior vena cava and central tendon during inspiration

Answer 10

-IVC adheres to caval opening
-Central tendon pulls and widens caval opening
-Dilates inferior vena cava
-Facilitates blood flow back to heart

Question 11

What happens to esophagus during inspiration?

Answer 11

-Muscular lumbar part contracts and constricts esophagus

Question 12

Superficial to deep: layers of abdominal wall

Answer 12

-Skin
-Subcutaneous tissue
-Muscles and aponeuroses, deep fascia
-Transversalis fascia
-Extraperitoneal fat
-Parietal peritoneum

Question 13

Flat muscles of abdominal wall

Answer 13

-External obliques
-Internal obliqyes
-Transversus abdominis

Question 14

Vertical muscle of abdominal wall

Answer 14

-Rectus abdominis
-Pyramydalis

Question 15

Aponeurosis

Answer 15

sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment

Question 16

Rectus sheath

Answer 16

encloses vertical muscle (rectus abdominis)

Question 17

Inguinal ligament

Answer 17

-ASIS to pubic crest
-Folding of EO aponeurosies
-Serves as flexor retinaculum

Question 18

Linea alba

Answer 18

-midline raphe (suture, seam)
-intersection of bilateral aponeuroses from all 3 flat muscles
-xiphoid process to pubic symphyses

Question 19

What makes up the anterior wall of the rectus sheath?

Answer 19

Above arcuate line:
-External oblique
-Internal oblique

Below arcuate line:
-External oblique
-Internal oblique
-Transversus abdominis

Question 20

What makes up the posterior wall of the rectus sheath?

Answer 20

-Internal oblique
-Transversus abdominis

Question 21

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 21

the lining that is around the abdominal cavity

Question 22

Tendinous intersections

Answer 22

-anchors rectus abdominis to rectus sheet
-creates 6 pack look

Question 23

Function of abdominal muscles

Answer 23

-Support and protect adnominal viscera
-Maintain or increase intra-abdominal pressure
-Elevates diaphragm during expiration
-Compresses abdominal viscera for expulsion and blood flow (IVC)
-Relaxes to accomodate movement of diaphragm during inspiration
-Moves trunk (RAL flexion of trunk, EO/IO: rotation, lateral flexion)

Question 24

What does the pelvic diaphragm close? What does it separate?

Answer 24

-The pelvic outlet -Separates abdominopelvic cavity from perineum

Question 25

Where is the pelvic diaphragm found?

Answer 25

-Within the lesser (true) pelvis

Question 26

What is the tendinous arch of obturator fascia?

Answer 26

Thickening of fascia on muscle

Question 27

What are the two different muscles in the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 27

-(Ischio)coccygeus -Levator ani

Question 28

What are the three parts of the levator ani?

Answer 28

-Iliococcygeus -Pubococcygeus -Puborectalis

Question 29

Of the different muscles of the pelvic diaphragm, which muscle is tapered medially and broad laterally?

Answer 29

Iliococcygeus

Question 30

Of the different muscles of the pelvic diaphragm, which muscle is tapered laterally and broad medially?

Answer 30

(Ischio)coccygeus

Question 31

Sustained contraction of pelvic diaphragm does:

Answer 31

-Supports abdominopelvic viscera -Maintains urinary and fecal continence

Question 32

Active contraction of pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 32

Primarily: increases support to abdominopelvic viscera during moments of increase IA pressure (coughing or sneezing) Secondarily: increases IA pressure to aid expulsion

Question 33

Rectal hiatus

Answer 33

space for rectum/anus

Question 34

Urogenital hiatus

Answer 34

passage of urogenital viscera

Question 35

What is the roof, walls and floor of the abdonminopelvic cavity?

Answer 35

Roof: respiratory diaphragm Walls: anterolateral and posterior abdominal walls Floor: pelvic diaphragm

Question 36

The esophageal hiatus allows the travel of the esophagus from the ________ to the ________

Answer 36

thorax to abdomen

Question 37

The caval opening allows the travel of the inferior vena cava from the _________ to the ___________

Answer 37

Abdomen to thorax

Question 38

The aortic hiatus allows the travel of the aorta from the ________ to the __________

Answer 38

Travel to and from above the abdomen posterior to the diaphragm

Question 39

What conveys blood to the respiratory diaphragm?

Answer 39

Pericardiacophrenic artery

Question 40

The aponeuroses of the external obliques, internal obliques, and transversus abdominis form the _________, __________, and _________

Answer 40

Linea alba, inguinal ligament, rectus sheath

Question 41

Inferior to the arcuate line, the ___________________ lines the posterior aspect of rectus abdominis.

Answer 41

Transversalis fascia