ABG

Question 1

Normal pH value?

Answer 1

7.35 to 7.45

Question 2

Normal PaCO2 value?

Answer 2

35 to 45 mmHg

Question 3

Normal HCO3 value?

Answer 3

22 to 26 mEq/L

Question 4

Normal PaO2 values?

Answer 4

70-100 mmHg

Question 5

Normal O2 Sat?

Answer 5

95-100%

Question 6

Respiratory acidosis is _________ PaCO2?

Answer 6

High

Question 7

Respiratory alkalosis is _________ PaCO2?

Answer 7

Low PaCO2

Question 8

Metabolic acidosis is _______ HCO3?

Answer 8

low

Question 9

Metabolic alkalosis is _______ HCO3?

Answer 9

High

Question 10

Metabolic acidosis diagnostic findings

Answer 10

Hyperkalemia, high RR

Question 11

Management of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 11

Administer HCO3 as ordered
Monitor K+ levels
Hemodynamics
Cardiac status

Question 12

Normal Na?

Answer 12

135-145

Question 13

Normal K?

Answer 13

3.5-5

Question 14

Normal Cl?

Answer 14

95-105

Question 15

Normal anion gap as in metabolic acidosis?

if potassium is included in equation

Answer 15

8-12

Question 16

Uncompensated is when

Answer 16

either PaCO2 or HCO3 is normal and the other is abnormal

Question 17

Partially compensated is when

Answer 17

All 3 values are abnormal

Question 18

Fully compensated is when

Answer 18

pH is normal

Question 19

Metabolic Acidosis diagnostic findings ?

Answer 19

Hypoventilation
Hypoxemia
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia

Question 20

Management for metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 20

Monitor I&O, electrolytes
Administer IVF (NaCl) as ordered
* Cl = for kidneys to absorb sodium + allow excess excretion of HCO3
Administer KCL as ordered
Administer cimetidine (Tagamet)
- H2 receptor blocker; reduce produc of HCl acid; GIVEN BEFORE MEALS

Question 21

Respi acidosis Dx findings?

Answer 21

Hyperkalemia

Question 22

Respi acidosis mgmt

Answer 22

Pulmonary hygiene (clear secretions)
Adequate hydration (2-3L/day)
Bronchodilators
Abx
Thrombolytics or anticoagulants
Mechvent

Question 23

Respi alkalosis Dx findings

Answer 23

Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia

Question 24

Respi alkalosis mgmt

Answer 24

Manage anxiety; breathe into closed system
Administer sedatives as ordered
Reduce RR
Slow DBE

Question 25

Respi acidosis cause?

Answer 25

Hypoventilation

Question 26

Respi alkalosis cause?

Answer 26

Hyperventilation

Question 27

Carbonic acid in respi acidosis vs alkalosis

Answer 27

D: Increased K: Decreased

Question 28

Respi acidosis compensatory mech

Answer 28

- kidney excretes H+ - increased serum/reabsorbs HCO3 - K+ levels increase

Question 29

Resp alkalosis compensatory mech

Answer 29

- kidney retains H+ - decreased serum/increased excretion of HCO3 - K+ levels decrease

Question 30

Manifestations of respi acidosis

Answer 30

Kussmaul’s respiration, fruity breath, lethargy, confusion, headache, n/v, flushed skin, twitching

Question 31

Manifestations of respi alkalosis?

Answer 31

Paresthesia, numbness, tingling lightheadedness, confusion, tetany, and LOC (severe)

Question 32

Cause of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 32

Increased metabolic acids (lactic, ketoacidosis) affectation are the kidneys

Question 33

Cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 33

- Decreased acid (stomach [vomiting] /kidneys) - Chloride and bicarbonate compete for Na; decreased chloride; increased bicarbonate causing stimulation of chemoreceptors lowering RR

Question 34

S/sx of metab acidosis

Answer 34

Kussmaul’s respiration, fruity breath, lethargy, confusion, headache, n/v, flushed skin, twitching (cerebral vasodilation)

Question 35

S/sx of metab alkalosis

Answer 35

Paresthesia, n/v, seizures, carpopedal spasm, decreased RR (compensation), confusion, low K+ (hypokalemia) and Ca+ (hypocalcemia), ECG changes in hypokalemia

Question 36

Compensatory mech for metab acidosis

Answer 36

Lungs blow off CO2 Increased RR (hyperventilation)

Question 37

Compensatory mech for metab alkalosis

Answer 37

Lungs decrease RR to retain CO2 (hypoventilation)

Question 38

Mgmt for metab acidosis

Answer 38

Maintain safety, hemodynamics, cardiac status

Question 39

Mgmt for metab alkalosis

Answer 39

Monitor RR, auscultate lungs, hydration, I/O , electrolytes