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Diagnostic Methods - Medical Lab > ABG > Flashcards

ABG Flashcards

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1
Q

What does pH measure in the blood?

A

Acidity or Alkalinity

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2
Q

What is the normal blood pH range?

A

7.35 to 7.45

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3
Q

The more H+ in the blood the ____ the pH

A

Lower (acidic)

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4
Q

The less H+ in the blood the ____ the pH

A

Higher (alkaline)

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5
Q

In an Acidic State there is either too much _____ or too little ____

A

Too much PaCO2; too little HCO3

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6
Q

In an Alkalotic State there is either too much _____ or too little ____

A

Too little PaCO2; too much HCO3

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7
Q

In an Acidic State what body functions begin to change?

A

Weak cardiac contractions, decreased vascular response to catecholamines, diminshed response to some meds

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8
Q

In an Alkalotic State what body functions are interfered with?

A

Tissue oxygenation, neuromuscular, and neurological functioning

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9
Q

Blood pH changes in according to the level of which acid?

A

Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)

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10
Q

What is the compensation for too much or too little Carbonic Acid?

A

Increase or decrease in rate and depth on ventilation

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11
Q

How long does the “quick compensation” of ventilatilatory change last for

A

1-3 minutes

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12
Q

What are the two buffers systems?

A

Respiratory buffer, Renal buffer

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13
Q

Carbonic Acid is part of which buffer system?

A

Respiratory

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14
Q

What is the acid involved in the respiratory buffer system?

A

Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)

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15
Q

What is the base involved in the Renal buffer system?

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

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16
Q

What do the kidneys excrete or retain as part of the Renal buffer system?

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

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17
Q

What do the kidneys do when there is an alkaline pH in the blood?

A

Excrete Bicarbonate (HCO3) into urine

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18
Q

The more acidic the pH what do they kidneys do?

A

Keep Bicarbonate (HCO3) which is a base and helps balance

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19
Q

What is the time frame of the Renal buffer system?

A

Hours to days

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20
Q

What is the time frame of the Respiratory Buffer system vs the Renal Buffer system?

A

Resp: 1-3 minutes; Renal: hours to days

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21
Q

Acidosis is when the pH is lower than what?

A

7.35

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22
Q

Alkalosis is defined as a pH above what?

A

7.45

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23
Q

What are the two measures of Respiratory Acidosis?

A

pH less than 7.35 and PaCO2 greater than 45mmHg

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24
Q

What are the two measures of Respiratory Alkalosis?

A

pH greater than 7.45 and PaCO2 less than 35mmHg

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25
Accumulated CO2 combines with water and forms what?
Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) which lowers pH
26
Respiratory Acidosis is due to an accumulation of what?
CO2, which combines with water and forms Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) and lowers pH
27
What type of breathing can cause Respiratory Acidosis?
Hypoventilation
28
Hypoventilation can cause a build up of what?
CO2, which combines with water to make Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) and lowers pH
29
What type of breathing can result in Respiratory Alkolosis?
Hyperventilation
30
Hyperventilation can lead to what?
Respiratory Alkolosis
31
What are the two measures for Metabolic Acidosis?
pH less than 7.35 *and* Bicarbonate (HCO3) less than 22
32
Metabolic Acidosis is caused by a deficit of ____ or an excess of ___
Deficit of base; excess of acid other than CO2
33
Which compound does Metabolic Acidosis not take into account?
CO2
34
What can cause a deficit of base leading to Metabolic Acidosis?
Diarrhea, intestinal fistulas
35
Metabolic Alkolosis is measured by which two values?
pH greater than 7.45 *and* Bicarbonate (HCO3) greater than 26
36
Metabolic Alkolosis can be caused by what two things?
Too much base (too much antacid) or loss of acid (puking, diuretics)
37
What is PaCO2?
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide that is dissolved
38
What is a normal PaCO2 range?
35-45
39
A PaCO2 greater than 45 means what for the pH?
Acidosis
40
A PaCO2 greater than 35 means what for the pH?
Alkolsis
41
What is PaO2?
Partial Pressure of Oxygen that is dissolved
42
What is the normal PaO2 range?
80-100 mmHg
43
What is HCO3?
Bicarbonate.
44
What is the normal HCO3 (bicarbonate) range?
22-26 mEq/L
45
HCO3 (bicarbonate) greater than 27 means what?
Alkalosis
46
HCO3 (bicarbonate) less than 21 means what?
Acidosis
47
What is SaO2?
Arterial Oxygen saturation
48
What is a normal Sa02 range?
95-100%
49
An ABG with the following values means what? pH=7.49, PaCO2=43, HCO3=32
pH is high (alkalotic), PaCO2 is slightly high (acidotic), HCO3 is high (alkalotic). Metabolic Alkalosis. The PaCO2 is rising in an attempt to compensate the alkaline environment as CO2 is acidic.
50
If pH and HCO3 are both high is this Respiratory or Metabolic Alkalosis?
Metabolic Alkalosis. HCO3 is controlled by kidneys so an evelated Bicarbonate means the metabolic system (aka kidneys) is involved
51
If pH and HCO3 are both low is this Respiratory or Metabolic Acidosis?
Metabolic Acidosis. HCO3 is controlled by kidneys. When HCO3 (Bicarbonate) is low and pH is low you have Metabolic Acidosis.
52
What are the basic steps in interpreting an ABG?
1 check pH for acidic/basic/normal. 2 check PaCO2 for acidic/basic/normal. 3 check HCO3 for acidic/basic/normal. If pH and CO2 are opposite one another but HCO3 is normal then Respiratory. If pH and HCO3 are both high or low then Metabolic.
53
If pH and CO2 are opposite then the the issue is Respiratory or Metabolic?
Respiratory
54
If pH and HCO3 are both high or both low then the issue is Respiratory or Metabolic?
Metabolic.
55
What is "compensation"?
When CO2 tries to compensate for Metabolic Acidosis or Metabolic Alkalosis.
56
If pH is 7.8 and HCO3 is 32 is this respiratory or metabolic alkalosis? If CO2 is 45 what is happening?
Metabolic Alkalosis. Elevated CO2 increased acidity and "compensates" for alkalosis.
57
An elevated CO2 in the presence of very high pH and HCO3 means what?
Metabolic Alkalosis with compensation
58
Low pH and low HCO3 means what?
Metabolic Acidosis
59
Low pH, high CO2, and normal HCO3 means?
Respiratory Acidosis
60
High pH, low CO2, and normal HCO3 means?
Respiratory Alkalosis
61
Low pH, normal CO2, low HCO3 means?
Metabolic Acidosis without compensation
62
Would the CO2 be high or low during compensation during Metabolic Acidosis
Low CO2
63
Would the CO2 be high or low during compensation during Metabolic Alkalosis
CO2 would be high
64
pH 7.33, pCO2 60, HCO3 34
Resp Acidosis with metabolic compensation.
65
pH 7.48, pCO2 42, HCO3 30
Metabolic Acidosis with no CO2 compensation
66
pH 7.38, pCO2 38, HCO3 24
Normal
67
pH 7.21, pCO2 60, HCO3 24
Resp Acidosis with no metabolic compensation
68
pH 7.48, pCO2 28, HCO3 20
Respiratory Alkalosis with metabolic compensation
69
pH 7.50, pCO2 29, HCO3 24
Respiratory Alkalosis with no metabolic compensation
70
pH 7.28, pCO2 40, HCO3 18
Metabolic Acidosis with no CO2 compensation
71
pH 7.45, pCO2 26, HCO3 16
Respiratory Alkalosis with metabolic compensation

Diagnostic Methods - Medical Lab (6 decks)

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