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Midterm 2021 > ABG > Flashcards

ABG Flashcards

1
Q

How long should color take to return to hand after conducting the modified Allen’s test?

A

10-15 seconds

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2
Q

What is the most common site for an ABG

A

The radial aftery

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3
Q

How long do you apply pressure to artery after drawing an ABG

A

5 minutes

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4
Q

What should you always ask patient before conducting ABG

A

If they are on anticoagulants. Such as heparin, Coumadin, warfarin, lovenox, or aspirin.

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5
Q

For every 1 mmHg of PaO2 this is how much dissolve O2?

A

0.003 ml

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6
Q

What is the oxygen carrying capacity for Hb

A

1.34 ml of oxygen

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7
Q

Gas exchange and transport varies directly with

A

VA

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8
Q

PA02 equation

A

Pb - PH20 - PaCO2/0.8

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9
Q

Alveolar air equation

A

PAO2 = (PB - Ph2O) FiO2 - PaCO2/0.8

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10
Q

Normal PAO2

A

Normal < 10 mmHg (less than 60 y.o )

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11
Q

What does PvO2 reflect

A

Tissue oxygenation

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12
Q

Hypoxemia states

A

Normal = 80-100 mmHg
Mild hypoxemia = 60-79 mmHg
Moderate hypoxemia = 40-59 mmHg
Severe hypoxemia = below 40 mmHg

Hyperoxyemia = over 100 mmHg

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13
Q

What effect does a shift to the left on the HbO2 dissociation curve have

A

Increases the affinity of Hb for O2

Less easily unloaded to the tissues

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14
Q

What effect does a shift to the right on the HbO2 dissociation curve have

A

Decreases the affinity of Hg for O2

More easily unloaded to the tissues. (Unloading of O2 to the tissues is assisted.)

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15
Q

Causes of a shift to the left

A 
Increased pH (Bohr effect)
Decreased PaCO2 
Decreased temperature
Decreased 2,3 DPG
Increased levels of HbCO
MetHb
HbF (fetal hemoglobin)
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16
Q

Causes for shift to the right

A

Decreased pH
Increased PaCO2
Increased temperature
Increased 2,3 DPG

17
Q

Normal ABG Values

A
  • pH 7.34-7.45
  • PaCO2 35-45 mmHg
  • PaO2 80-100 mmHg
  • HCO3 22-26 mEq/L
  • BE
  • +/- 2
  • SaO2 greater than or equal to 95%
18
Q

What is the Bohr effect

A

As the RBC travels to the tissue it releases the O2. This release of O2 is due to the fact that elevated CO2 levels at the tissues, decreases Hb’s affinity for 02

19
Q

What is the Haldane effect

A

As O2 combines with the Hb the release of CO2 is enhanced

20
Q

What is a CO2 of greater than 45 mmHg

A

Hypercapnia
Respiratory acidosis
Alveolar hypoventilation

21
Q

Metabolic function is impaired with acidosis, what is the treatment

A

Increase alveolar ventilation by increasing the rate or increasing the Vt or minute volume

22
Q

CO2 less than 35

A

Hypocapnia
Respiratory alkalosis
Alveolar hypoventilation

23
Q

Treatment for hypocapnia

A

Decrease alveolar ventilation
Decrease rate
Decrease Vt or minute volume

24
Q

Henderson-hasselbalch equation

A

-pH = 6.1 (pk) + log [HCO3]/ [PCO2 x 0,03]

25
Q

HCO3 < 22 mEq/L or BE < - 2 metabolic acidosis — hypobasemia

What is the treatment

A

Administer NaHCO3

26
Q

Metabolic acidosis with a normal AG is generally caused by

A

Excessive Cl in the plasma

27
Q

Metabolic acidosis with an increased AG is generally caused by

A

An increased amount of fixed acids (renal failure, increased keto or lactic acid)

28
Q

HCO3 greater than 26 or a BE greater than +2 metabolic alkalosis — hyperbasemia

Treatment

A

Correct electrolyte imbalance or underlying cause

29
Q

For every 10 torr decrease in pco2 there is a

A

.10 increase in pH

30
Q

For every 20 torr increase in pco2 there is

A

.10 decrease in pH

31
Q

-pH electrode —

A

Sanz electrode

32
Q

O2 electrode

A

Clark electrode

33
Q

CO2 electrode

A

Severinghaus electrode

34
Q

Calibration and quality control equation

A

(PB - PH2O) x % gas used = calibration point

35
Q

What is a trend

A

A pattern of six or more results that show an increasing or decreasing pattern. Trends may be caused by worn electronic components, protein contamination on electrodes, or deterioration of electrodes

36
Q

What is a shift error code

A

Six or more results falling on the same side of the mean. These may be caused by use of a new batch of quality controls, electronic component deterioration, use of new reagents or an incorrect calibration

37
Q

What is a random error

A

Causes out of range points to occur. This can be cause by operator mishandling of the sample, sample contamination or just the statistical probability of an occasional out of point range.

38
Q

How long does an abg last with air bubbles in the sample or with ice

A

> 30 minutes

39
Q

What happens if an abg is left at room temperature

A

Pao2 decreases, PaCO2 increases, HCO3 decreases, pH decreases

Midterm 2021 (5 decks)

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