abg and o2 analyzers

Question 1

how accurate are oxygen analyzers

Answer 1

+/- 2%

Question 2

invasive procedures

Answer 2

require insertion of a sensor or collection device into the body

Question 3

noninvasive

Answer 3

gathers data externally

Question 4

Clark electrode

Answer 4

polarizing voltage causes an electron flow between the anode and cathode, platinum catheter and silver chloride and uses oxygen to produce a production oxidation reaction

Question 5

percutaneous arterial puncture site

Answer 5

radial
brachial
femoral
dorsalis pedis

Question 6

indications for ABG

Answer 6

sudden, unexplained dyspnea
cyanosis
abnormal breath sounds
severe and unexplained tachypnea
heavy use of accessory muscles
changes in ventilator settings
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
new appearance in diffuse infiltrates in chest radiograph
sudden appearance or progression in cardiac arrhythmias
acute hypotension
acute deterioration in neurologic function

Question 7

quality control on blood gas machine

Answer 7

every 8 hours

Question 8

PPE precaution for ABG

Answer 8

hand washing
gloves
eye ware

Question 9

checking chart for ABG

Answer 9

confirm order and indications
determine patient primary diagnosis
history
- bleeding disorder
- blood-borne infections
current status
respiratory care orders
- O2 therapy
- mechanical vent
anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy

Question 10

modified allen test

Answer 10

release ulna

Question 11

getting a good sample

Answer 11

never redirect a needle without withdrawing

if withdrawn completely you must get a fresh blood gas kit

Question 12

anxiety during ABG

Answer 12

hyperventilation and breath holding

increases or decreasing CO2

Question 13

Avoiding ABG error

Answer 13

chill sample if not read within 15 minutes
use low diffusibiliy syringe with heprin
check for air bubbles

Question 14

pre-analytic erros

Answer 14

air in sample
venous admixture
excess anticoagulant
metabolic effects

Question 15

altered values with air bubbles

Answer 15

oxygen can increase or decrease
carbon dioxide will decrease
pH will increase

Question 16

calibration

Answer 16

two point calibration
usually a high and low value
range ? 1-10?
systemic error - component failure
random error - sample error

Question 17

transcutaneous monitoring

Answer 17

patients in deep sedation or mechanical vent
infants/ children with hypoxemia
checks gas exchange at bedside

Question 18

alternate puncture site

Answer 18

inaccessible artery
absent pulse
deficient sample return

Question 19

how long should you wait to obtain ABG with changes to oxygenation

Answer 19

COPD 30 min

healthy 5 min

Question 20

assessment before ABG

Answer 20

results of modified allens test
body temperature
patient positive
activity level 
RR

Question 21

venous admixture in ABG

Answer 21

greatly lower oxygen
increase CO2
decrease pH

Question 22

pulse Ox Alarm

Answer 22

88%

Question 23

pulse Ox unreliable

Answer 23

80%

Question 24

troubleshoot capnography

Answer 24

disconnected 
rebreathing
leaks
check patient
check wave forms

Question 25

indications for capnography

Answer 25

monitor during anesthesia / moderate sedation
monitor during mechanical ventilation
CPR / intubation

Question 26

normal end tidal volume range

Answer 26

3-5 mmHg less than 35-45 mmHg CO2

Question 27

ABG range

Answer 27

range around a target value

+/-0.04 for pH

Question 28

3 levels of control

Answer 28

level 1 - acidosis
level 2 - normal
level 3 - alkalosis

Question 29

ABGs

Answer 29

percutaneous puncture
indwelling catheter
capillary sampling