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ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the distinction between normal and abnormal behavior?

A

Abnormal behavior causes distress and prevents daily functioning

The distinction often remains ambiguous even to trained professionals.

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2
Q

What is abnormality defined as in terms of deviation from the average?

A

Behaviors that are rare or unusual in a society or culture

A statistical definition where common behaviors are considered normal.

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3
Q

What does deviation from the ideal refer to in the context of abnormal behavior?

A

Behavior in relation to some ideal or morally appropriate standard

Most people strive toward these ideals.

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4
Q

What constitutes a sense of personal discomfort in assessing abnormal behavior?

A

Behavior that produces distress, anxiety, or guilt in an individual

It can also be harmful to others.

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5
Q

What is the inability to function effectively in the context of abnormal behavior?

A

Inability to adjust to societal demands or function effectively

This can manifest in various ways in daily life.

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6
Q

What is a legal concept of abnormal behavior as illustrated by Andrea Yates’ case?

A

The jury deemed her sane despite her actions

She was sentenced to life in prison for drowning her five children.

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7
Q

What are the six major perspectives on abnormality?

A

Medical, Psychoanalytic, Behavioral, Cognitive, Humanistic, Sociocultural

Each perspective offers a different understanding of abnormal behavior.

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8
Q

What does the medical perspective assume about psychological disorders?

A

Physiological causes are at the root of psychological disorders

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9
Q

What does the psychoanalytic perspective argue about psychological disorders?

A

They stem from childhood conflicts

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10
Q

What is the focus of the behavioral perspective on abnormal behavior?

A

Learned responses to environmental stimuli

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11
Q

What is the cognitive perspective’s assumption about psychological disorders?

A

Cognitions are central to psychological disorders

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12
Q

What does the humanistic perspective emphasize regarding behavior?

A

People’s responsibility for their own behavior and self-actualization

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13
Q

What does the sociocultural perspective assume about behavior?

A

Behavior is shaped by family, society, and culture

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14
Q

What is the purpose of classifying abnormal behavior?

A

To diagnose and ultimately treat it

Classification is guided by the DSM-5.

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15
Q

What does the DSM-5 stand for?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition

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16
Q

What are the categories of disorders listed in the DSM-5?

A

Anxiety, Somatic Symptom, Dissociative, Mood, Schizophrenia spectrum, Personality, Sexual, Substance-related, Neurocognitive

Each category includes various specific disorders.

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17
Q

What are the three major types of anxiety disorders?

A

Phobic Disorder, Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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18
Q

What is a phobic disorder?

A

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

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19
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Fear of places where help might not be available in case of emergency

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20
Q

What are the types of specific phobias?

A

Animal, Natural Environment, Situational, Blood Injection-injury

Each type has unique triggers.

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21
Q

What characterizes panic disorder?

A

Panic attacks that occur without identifiable triggers

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22
Q

What are common symptoms of a panic attack?

A

Heart palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness

Symptoms can last from seconds to hours.

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23
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Long-term, persistent anxiety and uncontrollable worry

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24
Q

What are obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorders?

A

Persistent, unwanted thoughts or ideas

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25
What are compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorders?
Irresistible urges to carry out certain acts
26
What genetic factor is believed to be a cause of anxiety disorders and OCD?
A specific gene involved in serotonin production
27
What is an illness anxiety disorder?
Constant fear of illness and preoccupation with health
28
What are conversion disorders?
Physical disturbances with no biological cause ## Footnote Symptoms like inability to see or hear are purely psychological.
29
What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
Displaying characteristics of two or more distinct personalities
30
What defines dissociative amnesia?
Significant, selective memory loss
31
What is the term for lost memories that cannot be recalled?
Repressed memories
32
What is the primary characteristic of mood disorders?
Disturbances in emotional experience strong enough to intrude on daily living
33
What is major depressive disorder?
Severe form of depression interfering with daily functions
34
What characterizes bipolar disorder?
Alternation between mania and depression
35
What are some causes of mood disorders?
Genetic, biological, psychological, environmental factors ## Footnote Examples include serotonin alterations and learned helplessness.
36
What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
Excess activity in brain areas that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter
37
What are the two types of symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive symptoms and Negative symptoms
38
What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
Positive symptoms involve disordered behavior; Negative symptoms involve absence of normal functioning
39
What are the three clusters of personality disorders?
Cluster A, Cluster B, Cluster C
40
What types of disorders are included in Cluster A of personality disorders?
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
41
What are personality disorders?
A set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society.
42
How many different personality disorders are there?
10 different personality disorders.
43
Into how many clusters are personality disorders sorted?
Three clusters: Cluster A, Cluster B, and Cluster C.
44
List the personality disorders in Cluster A.
* Paranoid * Schizoid * Schizotypal
45
What are common characteristics of Cluster A personality disorders?
Avoidance, rigidity, impairment of reality testing, psychosis, rarely comes to clinical attention.
46
Define Paranoid Personality Disorder.
Distrust of people, believing others will do harm.
47
Define Schizoid Personality Disorder.
Avoidance, aloofness, lack of interest in social relationships, asociality is conscious and intentional.
48
Define Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
Odd beliefs, difficulty relating to others, avoidance due to fear of judgment.
49
List the personality disorders in Cluster B.
* Antisocial * Borderline * Histrionic * Narcissistic
50
What is the defining characteristic of Cluster B personality disorders?
Antisocial attitudes, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation.
51
What does the acronym ACID LIAR stand for in Antisocial Personality Disorder?
* Adult * Criminality * Impulsivity * Disregard for safety * Lying/cheating * Irresponsibility * Aggression * Remorselessness
52
What does the acronym IDESPAIR stand for in Borderline Personality Disorder?
* Identity * Dysphoria * Emotional instability * Self-harm/suicide * Psychotic/Dissociative * Anger/Hostility * Impulsivity * Relationships
53
Define Histrionic Personality Disorder.
Characterized by wanting attention and engaging in seductive provocative behavior.
54
Define Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
Exaggerated sense of self-importance, expects special treatment while disregarding others' feelings.
55
List the personality disorders in Cluster C.
* Avoidant * Dependent * Obsessive-compulsive
56
What is the common characteristic of Cluster C personality disorders?
Avoidance, preoccupied anxiety, sometimes come to clinical attention.
57
Define Avoidant Personality Disorder.
Chronic avoidance despite a desire for contact and connection.
58
Define Dependent Personality Disorder.
Over-reliance on others, vulnerability when alone, seeks reassurance.
59
Define Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder.
Perfectionism in tasks, rigidity, getting lost in details, ego-syntonic.
60
What percentage of children experience significant emotional or behavioral disorders?
Almost 20% of children and 40% of adolescents.
61
What are common symptoms of Major Depression in children?
Exaggerated fears, clinginess, avoidance of everyday activities.
62
List symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
* Inattention * Impulsiveness * Low tolerance for frustration * Inappropriate activity
63
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Severe developmental disability that impairs communication and social interaction.
64
Define Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder.
Relates to problems arising from the use and abuse of drugs.
65
List types of Eating Disorders.
* Anorexia Nervosa * Bulimia * Binge Eating Disorder
66
What are the categories of Sexual Disorders?
* Sexual Desire Disorders * Sexual Arousal Disorders * Paraphilic Disorders
67
Define Neurocognitive Disorder.
A disorder with a pure biological basis.
68
What is the definition of homosexuality?
Sexually attracted to members of their own sex.
69
What is the definition of bisexuality?
Sexually attracted to people of the same sex and the other sex.
70
Who is Alfred Kinsey?
A pioneering sex researcher who considered sexual orientation on a scale from exclusively homosexual to exclusively heterosexual.
71
What is one genetic factor that influences sexual orientation?
Higher occurrence of homosexuality in twins if one twin identifies as homosexual.
72
What hormonal factor has been linked to sexual orientation?
Women exposed to DES before birth were more likely to be homosexual or bisexual.
73
Define Transgenderism.
Encompasses transsexuals, third-gender identities, transvestites, and others not fitting traditional gender classifications.
74
What is the definition of transsexualism?
Identifying with the opposite gender from that assigned at birth and seeking sex-change operations.
75
Define intersex.
Born with atypical combinations of sexual organs or chromosomal patterns.
76
What is intersexism?
A complex mix of physiological and psychological issues.

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