Abnormal Cell Count And Pancytopenia Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is neutrophil leukocytosis?
Leukocytosis with a WBC rarely above 50×10^9. It increases due to increased production of neutrophils and moving from side of vessel wall into ciculation with decreased exit of neutrophils from the periperal circulation to the tissues
What are causes of neutrophil leukocytosis
Infections
Malignancy
Inflammation
Drugs such as glucocorticoids
Myeloid growth factors
Haemmorhage
What bodies are found in neutrophils when there is an infection
Dohle bodies
What is benign lymphocytosis
Absolute lymphocyte count more than 3.5 ×10^9. Has a wide range of cellular sizes and shapes
True or false: absolute lymphocyte counts are higher in adults than in children and infants
False
What causes reactive lymphocytosis
VIRAL infections
Pertussis
Drug effects
Stress
What is eosinophilic leucocytosis
Eosinophilia >1.5×10^9
What causes eosinophilic leukocytosis
Reactive causes:
Infections(PARASITES)
Allergy
Connective tissue diseases
Pulmonary and cardiac diseases
Dermatologic diseases
Non reactive causes:
Malignant eosinophilia
What is monocytosis
Absolute monocytosis is >1×10^9 monocytes
What causes monocytosis
Malignancy
Chronic infections
Autoimmune disorders
Splenectomy
Regenerating BM
What gene does CML have a translocation on
9:22
What characterizes CML
High white cell count with neutrophil and neutrophil precursors
Splenomegaly in most cases
T(9:22)
What are the 3 phases in CML if it is not treated
Stable chronic phase
Accelerated phase
Blast crises-> transforms to acute leukemia
What is the treatment for CML?
Initial hydroxyurea
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
BM transplant if TK resistant
How is erythrocytosis characterized in males and females
Males: Hb>17.5, HCT>0.55
Females: Hb>15.5, HCT>0.47
What causes relative erythrocytosis
Decreased plasma volume
What causes absolute erythrocytosis
Increased red cell mass
How do you check for secondary erythrocytosis
Check EPO:
LOW EPO= Polycythemia vera
High EPO=Secondary erythrocytosis
What causes secondary appropriate erythrocytosis
Low oxygen causes like:
Altitude
Hyperventilation
Lung disease
Cyanotic heart disease
What causes inappropriate secondary erythrocytosis
Ectopic EPO production:
Tumours like renal carcinoma, hepatoma, uterine fibroma
What is thrombocytosis
Platelet count >500×10^9
What causes are most common of thrombocytosis
Malignancy
Chronic inflammatory causes
IRON DEF
What tests can you do for thrombocytosis
Esr, CRP, iron studies
What are the primary causes of thrombocytosis
Myeloproliferative disorders like essential thrombocythemia
