Abnormal Ch. 10: neurodevelopment disorders

Question 1

What are the four main neurodevelopmental disorders?

Answer 1

-Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
-Autism spectrum disorder
-Intellectual developmental disorder
-learning, communication and motor disorders

Question 2

What do neurodevelopmental disorders lack?

Answer 2

precise boundaries in their clinical definitions, genetics and epidemiology

Question 3

What is the average score of Intelligence tests?

Answer 3

90-110 (50%) of people fall between these two

Question 4

What is an intelligence test?

Answer 4

tests designed to measure an individual’s cognitive abilities, including verbal fluency, abstract reasoning and spatial memory

Question 5

How man standard deviations away from the middle is considered semi- average on the intelligence testing curve?

Answer 5

<1 standard deviation (low average: 86-89) (high average: (111-114)

Question 6

How many standard deviations from the middle dictates atypical presentation in intelligence testing?

Answer 6

> 1-2 standard deviations (below: 0-85) (above: 115-160/65)

Question 7

What are Carroll’s eight categories of broad intelligences?

Answer 7

-Fluid intelligence
-Crystallized intelligence
-general memory and learning
-visual perception
-auditory perception
-retrieval ability
-cognitive speediness
-Decision speed / processing speed

Question 8

What is the difference between skills and abilities?

Answer 8

Abilities are born in
Skills: acquired or developed through learning

Question 9

What are symptoms of specific learning disabilities?

Answer 9

-deficit/effect on acquisition, organization, retention, understanding or use of verbal or nonverbal info
-processing weakness
-difficulties in one or more areas of academies achievement

Question 10

What can not cause SLD (specific learning disabilities)

Answer 10

-not resulting from visual, hearing or motor problems primarily
-not due primarily to environmental, cultural disadvantages

Question 11

What do parents do that can increase IQ results

Answer 11

mean IQ rates of children increased steadily with the parents level of education

Question 12

What are the four types of motor disorders?

Answer 12

-Tourette’s disorder
-persistent motor/ vocal tic disorder
-stereotypic movement disorder

Question 13

What is the lifespan journey of intensity for motor disorders?

Answer 13

begin in childhood, increase in adolescence, decline in adulthood

Question 14

How can you treat motor disorders?

Answer 14

habit reversal therapy
-drugs that alter the dopamine system
-

Question 15

What is the criteria for Tourette’s disorder?

Answer 15

both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics (don’t have to occur at the same time)

Question 16

What is the criteria for persistent motor or vocal tic disorder?

Answer 16

single motor or vocal tics, onset before 18 for at least one year

Question 17

What is the criteria for stereotypic movement disorder?

Answer 17

repetitive, apparently purposeless motor behavior
-causing significant distress or functional impairment

Question 18

What is the criteria for Developmental coordination disorder?

Answer 18

motor performance that is substantially below expected levels

Question 19

If your tic disorder doesn’t align with any other disorder what is it called?

Answer 19

unspecified tic disorder

Question 20

What are the three subtypes of ADHD?

Answer 20

-Inattentive
-Hyperactive/impulsive
-combined

Question 21

What is the amount of symptoms to be diagnosed with a subtype of adhd?

Answer 21

-six or more symptoms but less then six symptoms of the other kind
-for combined: six or more symptoms of both

Question 22

What is the definition of comorbidities?

Answer 22

the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions

Question 23

how many defined symptoms of ADHD are there?

Answer 23

18 possible symptoms

Question 24

In order to regulate executive functions what two catecholamine neurotransmitters are required?

Answer 24

-norepinephrine
-dopamine

Question 25

What are the four key brain regions presumed to involved in ADHD?

Answer 25

frontal cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, and reticular activating system

Question 26

What do 1st line treatments do?

Answer 26

stimulants target level of dopamine

Question 27

What are 2nd line treatement?

Answer 27

non-stimulants target norepinephrine (second line treatment)

Question 28

What are the three social/communication areas that need to show impairment for diagnosis?

Answer 28

-deficits in social-emotional reciprocity -deficits in nonverbal communication -deficits in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships

Question 29

What does deficits mean?

Answer 29

differences, impairments internally or externally

Question 30

What are the four areas for restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior for autism diagnostic?

Answer 30

-stereotyped or repetitive motor movements or speech -insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of behavior -restricted interests -sensory interests/aversions

Question 31

What are the levels of impairment for autism diagnosing?

Answer 31

There are three levels that define the degree of support needed

Question 32

What is savant syndrome?

Answer 32

Having really strong abilities/strength in one area occurs mostly in autism

Question 33

What is the difference between male and female autistic people?

Answer 33

girls are more socially motivated -social challenges are more internal with girls

Question 34

How many autistic people also meet criteria for adhd?

Answer 34

80%

Question 35

Is there higher gender dysphoria in autism?

Answer 35

yes