Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
PSYCHO
A
MIND
2
Q
PATHOS
A
ILLNESS
3
Q
LOGY
A
STUDY
4
Q
The study of abnormal cognition, behavior and experiences
A
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
5
Q
It describes behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in their cultural context
A
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
6
Q
Biological explanation of depression
A
Low stimulation of the serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine
7
Q
2 LONG STG
A
Low chance of getting a depression
8
Q
1 SHORT 1 LONG
A
Moderate likelihood to have depression
9
Q
2 SHORT
A
High chance to get depression
10
Q
What is Mania?
A
Too much happiness, not the healthy type of happiness
11
Q
What is the healthy type of happiness?
A
EUTHYMIA
12
Q
Too much anxiety, confusion, obsessive thoughts, too much positive or negative feelings (4 D’S)
A
DISTRESS
13
Q
They’re NOT AWARE that there’s something wrong with them
A
EGO SYNTONIC
14
Q
They’re AWARE that there is something wrong with them
A
EGO DYSTONIC
15
Q
Can’t function in school, work, or do anything in daily life (4 D’S)
A
DYSFUNCTION
16
Q
Different from the norms in their usual self (4 D’s
A
DEVIANCE
17
Q
Can hurt themselves or others (4 ‘Ds)
A
DANGER
18
Q
Need measurement, how long it occur (4 D’s)
A
DURATION
19
Q
A traditional shorthand way of indicating why the person came to the clinic
A
Presenting Problem “Presents”
20
Q
A more persistent period of affect or emotionality
A
MOOD
21
Q
Refers to the momentary emotional tone that accompanies what we say or do
A
AFFECT
22
Q
How many people in the population as a whole (Ex. There are 18% of people suffering from depression.)
A
PREVALENCE
23
Q
Statistics on how many new cases occur (Ex. In 2015, there are 18.5 people suffering from depression)
A
INCIDENCE
24
Q
Age of onset, and possibly a different sex ratio and prevalence.
A
COURSE
25
Anticipated course of disorder
PROGNOSIS
26
Study of ORIGIN has to do with why a disorder begin
ETIOLOGY
27
During the last quarter of 14th century, religious and lay authorities supported these popular superstitions
Demons and Witches
28
Equally strong opinion, even during this period, reflected the enlightened view that insanity was a natural phenomenon
Stress and Melancholy
29
Spiritual and mental laziness (Treatment: rest, sleep and to have a happy healthy environment)
Sin of Acedia/Sloth
30
Exorcism, confinement, beatings, and other forms of torture
TREATMENTS FOR POSSESSIONS
31
Also called "Conversion Disorder" (In DSM-5) and "Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder"
HYSTERIA
32
Large scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior
MASS HYSTERIA
33
The movements of the moon and the stars profound effects on people's psychological functioning
The Moon and the Stars
34
"Hippocratic Corpus" suggested that psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease
Hippocrates and Galen
35
Assume that normal brain functioning was related to four fluids of humors
HUMORAL THEORY OF DISORDERS
36
BLOOD
HEART
37
BLACK BILE
APDO(?)
38
YELLOW BILE
LIVER
39
PHLEGM
BRAIN
40
Behavioral and cognitive symptoms of what we know as advance ___
SYPHILIS
41
The champion of the biological tradition in the United State
John P. Gray
42
To stimulate appetite in psychotic patients who were not eating
Insulin Shock Therapy (IST)
43
Benjamin Franklin, accidentally discovered and then confirmed experimentally in the 1750s, that a mild and modest electric shock to the head produced brief convulsion and memory loss
Electroconvulsive Therapy
44
Referred more to emotional or psychological factors rather than to a code of conduct
Moral Therapy
45
She campaigned "Mental Hygiene Movement"
Dorothea Dix
46
To accept a linear or one dimensional model, which attempts to trace the origins of behavior to a single cause
ONE DIMENSIONAL VERSUS MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODELS
47
What is PREDISPOSITION?
Genetics, nasayo na siya automatically
48
What is PRECIPITATING?
Environmental Trigger
49
What is PERPETUATING?
Whatever maintains that level of stress
50
Must have deteriorated in everyday functioning (work, interpersonal relations, self care, etc) for at least 6 months for reasons not attributable to other disorders
SCHIZOPHRENIA
51
What are the POSITIVE SYMPTOMS?
Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganized thinking/speech/movement
52
What are the NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS
Avolition, Affective Flattening, Alogia, Anhedonia, Asociality
53
What is Observational Learning?
When people learn new things just by watching others, without having to do it themselves
54
Involves adding and subtracting from the observed behavior and generalizing from one observation to another
MODELING
55
Our brains are naturally ready to learn certain things because they help us stay safe and survive
PREPARED LEARNING
56
When someone feels like they can't change a bad situation because they've tried before and nothing worked
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS
57
Involves developing the ability to view the world from a positive point of view
LEARNED OPTIMISM
58
Accurately reach and distinguish objects perform most of the functions usually associated with sight even if the person lost the sense of sight
Blind sight or Unconscious vision
59
When someone clearly acts on the basis of things that have happened in the past but can’t remember the events
EXPLICIT MEMORY
60
When someone remembers how to do something or reacts to something because of past experiences, but they don't consciously remember the specific event
IMPLICIT MEMORY
61
The alarm reaction that activates during potentially life threatening emergencies
Flight or Fight response
62
Sustained hostility with angry outbursts and repeatedly and continually suppressing anger contributes more strongly to death from heart disease than other well-known risk factors, including smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels
Anger and Your Heart
63
Fear and Phobias are not universal. But what we fear is strongly influenced by our social environment.
A. Only the first statement is true
B. Only the second statement is true
C. Both sentence are wrong
D. Both sentence are correct
B. Only the second statement is true
64
A cognitive bias that makes us think that we will change very little in the years to come
"The End of History" Illusions
65
Used in developmental psychopathology to indicate that we must consider a number of paths to a given outcome
The Principle of Equifinality
66
The systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
67
More specific and focuses on understanding a person's psychological functioning, like their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
68
The process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all the criteria for a psychological disorder
DIAGNOSIS
69
The degree to which a measurement is consistent
RELIABILITY
70
Whether something measures what it is designed to measure
VALIDITY
71
The process by which a certain set of standards or norms is determined for a technique to make its use consistent across different measurements
STANDARDIZATION
72
Involves the systematic observation of an individual's behavior
The Mental Status Exam (MSE)
73
They include a variety of methods in which ambiguous stimuli, such as pictures of people or things, are presented to people who are asked to describe what they see
PROJECTIVE TEST
74
Self report questionnaires that assess personal traits
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES
75
Measures the IQ of an individual
INTELLIGENCE TESTING
76
Measures the abilities in areas such as receptive and expressive language, attention and concentration, memory, motor skills, perceptual abilities, and learning and abstraction
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS
77
Refers to measurable changes in the nervous system that reflect emotional or psychological events
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
78
Determine what is unique about an individual’s personality, cultural background, or circumstances
IDIOGRAPHIC STRATEGY
79
Determine a general class of problems to which the presenting problem belongs
NOMOTHETIC STRATEGY
80
Construct groups or categories and to assign objects or people to these categories on the basis of their shared attributes or relations, a nomothetic strategy
CLASSIFICATION
81
The classification of entities for scientific purposes, such as insects, rocks, or if the subject is psychology, behaviors
TAXONOMY
82
If you apply a taxonomic system to psychological or medical phenomena or other clinical areas
NOSOLOGY
83
Describe the names or labels of the disorders that make up the nosology (for example, anxiety or mood disorder)
NOMENCLATURE
84
Assume that every diagnosis has a clear underlying pathophysiological cause, such as a bacterial infection or a malfunctioning endocrine system, and that each disorder is unique
The Classical (or pure) categorical approach
85
Note the variety of cognitions, moods, and behaviors with which the patient presents and quantify them on a scale
Dimensional Approach
86
This alternative identifies certain essential characteristics of an entity so that you (and others) can classify it, but it also allows certain nonessential variations that do not necessarily change the classification
Prototypical Approach
87
Published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association
DSM I
88
In 1968, the American Psychiatric Association published a second edition.
DSM II
89
Attempted to take an atheoretical approach to diagnosis, relying on precise descriptions of the disorders as they presented to clinicians rather than on psychoanalytic or biological theories of etiology
DSM III AND DSM-III-R
90
The most substantial change was that the distinction between organically based disorders and psychologically based that was present in previous editions was eliminated
DSM IV AND DSM IV-TR
91
Published in the spring of 2013. Introduces cross-cutting dimensional symptom measures, These assessments are not specific to any particular disorder but rather evaluate in a global sense important symptoms that are often present across disorders in almost all patients
DSM V
