Abnormal Psychology

Question 1

Mental retardation - IQ

Answer 1

IQ 70 or below

Question 2

Mild retardation - IQ

Answer 2

55-70

Question 3

Moderate retardation - IQ

Answer 3

40-55

Question 4

Severe retardation - IQ

Answer 4

25-40

Question 5

Profound retardation - IQ

Answer 5

IQ < 25

Question 6

Delirium

Answer 6

disturbed consciousness and cognition

Question 7

Huntington’s disease

Answer 7

form of dementia; genetically inherited progressive degenerations of thought, emotion, and movement

Question 8

Pick’s disease

Answer 8

form of dementia; disease of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain characterized by a change in personality

Question 9

Who coined term schizophrenia

Answer 9

Eugene Bleuler

Question 10

Eugene Bleuler

Answer 10

coined term schizophrenia

Question 11

What was schizophrenia called before it got this name?

Answer 11

dementia praecox

Question 12

What does schizophrenia mean?

Answer 12

split mind - mind is split from reality

Question 13

Positive symptoms

Answer 13

behaviors, thoughts, or affects added to normal behavior

Delusions: false beliefs, discordant with reality, that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary

• Delusions of reference: belief that others are talking about him/her
• Delusions of prosecution: belief that a person is deliberately plotted against
• Delusions of gradeur: belief that he/she is a remarkable person

Hallucinations: perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality

Disorganized thought: loosening of associations
- May invent new words: neologism

Disturbance of affect: blunting, flat affect, inappropriate affect

Catatonic motor behavior: both extremes – paralysis and useless and bizarre movements not caused by external stimuli

Question 14

Delusions

Answer 14

Symptom of schizophrenia

Delusions: false beliefs, discordant with reality, that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary

a. Delusions of reference: belief that others are talking about him/her
b. Delusions of prosecution: belief that a person is deliberately plotted against
c. Delusions of gradeur: belief that he/she is a remarkable person

Question 15

Hallucinations

Answer 15

perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality

Question 16

Disorganized thought

Answer 16

loosening of associations

May invent new words: neologism

Question 17

Disturbance of affect

Answer 17

blunting, flat affect, inappropriate affect

Question 18

Catatonic motor behavior

Answer 18

both extremes – paralysis and useless and bizarre movements not caused by external stimuli

Question 19

Negative symptoms

Answer 19

those symptoms that involve the absence of normal or desired behavior

Flat affect, where the individual’s emotional expression is blunted

Question 20

prodromal phase

Answer 20

Before schizophrenia diagnosed, a patient often goes through a phase characterized by poor adjustment (distinct from active phase)

Question 21

process schizophrenia

Answer 21

onset of symptoms slow

Question 22

reactive schizophrenia

Answer 22

onset of symptoms sudden

Question 23

Catatonic schizophrenia

Answer 23

disturbance in motor behavior

i. Catalepsy: motor immobility
ii. Echolalia: parroting
iii. Echopraxia: imitating the gestures of others

Question 24

Paranoid schizophrenia

Answer 24

preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent hallucinations

Question 25

Disorganized schizophrenia

Answer 25

flat or inappropriate affect and disorganized speech and behavior (also called hebephrenic schizophrenia)

Question 26

hebephrenic schizophrenia

Answer 26

Another name for disorganized schizophrenia

Question 27

Shared psychotic disorder

Answer 27

also known as a folie a deux; when two people have shared delusions

Question 28

folie a deux

Answer 28

another name for shared psychotic disorder

Question 29

Dopamine hypothesis

Answer 29

schizophrenia: either excess of dopamine or hyper-sensitivity to dopamine

Question 30

Double-bind hypothesis

Answer 30

as a child, the person with schizophrenia received contradictory and mutually incompatible messages from his or her primary care-giver; child begins to see his/her perceptions of reality as unreliable.

Question 31

Major depressive disorder

Answer 31

2-week episode

Question 32

Dysthymic Disorder

Answer 32

symptoms of major depressive disorder for 2+ years without major episode

Question 33

Bipolar

Answer 33

i. Bipolar I: manic episodes | ii. Bipolar II: hypomania – doesn’t disrupt life

Question 34

Bipolar I

Answer 34

manic episodes

Question 35

Bipolar II

Answer 35

hypomania

Question 36

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer 36

doesn’t quite reach level necessary to diagnose as bipolar, but same basic symptoms

Question 37

Catecholamine theory of depression:

Answer 37

neurotransmitters that have been implicated in mood disorders include norepinephrine and serotonin; these two are often linked in to what is called the monoamine theory or depression or catecholamine theory of depression. The theory holds that too much norepinephrine and serotonin lead to mania, while too little leads to depression

Question 38

Agoraphobia

Answer 38

Aunt Dolly

Question 39

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 39

not due to a neurological disorder

Question 40

Dissociate fugue

Answer 40

move away; forget who you are

Question 41

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 41

two or more personalities that recurrently take control of a person’s behavior

Question 42

Depersonalization disorder

Answer 42

person feels detached, like an outside observer of his or her mental processes and/or behavior. However, even during these times, the person still has an intact sense of reality

Question 43

Dyssomnia

Answer 43

sleep abnormalities

Question 44

Parasomnias

Answer 44

abnormal behaviors during sleep

Question 45

Hypersomnia

Answer 45

excessive sleepliness

Question 46

Narcolepsy

Answer 46

falling asleep uncontrollably throughout the day

Question 47

Kleptomania

Answer 47

stealing

Question 48

Pyromania

Answer 48

fire

Question 49

Trichtillomania

Answer 49

pull out own body hair

Question 50

Schizoid

Answer 50

personality disorder; pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

Question 51

Schizotypal

Answer 51

personality disorder; Eccentricity, distorted reality

Question 52

Histrionic

Answer 52

personality disorder; excessive emotion

Question 53

Anti-social

Answer 53

personality disorder; psychopathic

Question 54

Avoidant

Answer 54

personality disorder; social inhibitions, hypersensitivity, perceptions of inadequacy

Question 55

Conversion disorder

Answer 55

somatoform disorder; unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions (used to be referred to as hysteria)

Question 56

Somatoform disorders

Answer 56

not caused by physical ailment, although patient experiences physical ailment

Question 57

Factitious Disorder

Answer 57

creating physical complains through fabrication or self-inflection (ingesting toxins, for example, in order to assume the sick role)

Question 58

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 58

predisposition activated by stress

Question 59

David Rosenham

Answer 59

admitted to psychiatric hospitals – physically well but diagnosed

Question 60

Thomas Szasz

Answer 60

critic of labeling anyone mentally ill; simply traits that deviate from social norms

Question 61

Antipsychotics

Answer 61

``` first drugs used in psychopharmacology; used to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as delusions and hallucinations, by blocking dopamine receptors and inhibiting dopamine production o Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) o Haloperidol (Haldol) ```

Question 62

Antimanics

Answer 62

drugs to manage bipolar disorder; inhibit monoamines such as norephinephrine and serotonin based on the theory that mania results from excessive monoamines o Lithium

Question 63

Antidepressants

Answer 63

used to reduce depressive symptoms by taking the opposite action of antimanics. The theory is that abnormally low levels of monoamines cause depression o Tricyclics o Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) o Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): act only on serotonin; fewer side effects • Fluoxetine (Prozac) • Paroxetine (Paxil) • Sertraline (Zoloft)

Question 64

Antxiolytics

Answer 64

``` Used to reduce anxiety or induce sleep, usually by increasing the effectiveness of GABA o Diazepam (Valium) o Alprazolam (Xanax) ```

Question 65

Antabuse

Answer 65

counter-condition alcholics

Question 66

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 66

can result from long-term use of neuroleptics or psychotropics; this disorder is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of the tongue, jaw, or extremities

Question 67

Cretinism

Answer 67

form of mental retardation that is caused by iodine deficiency

Question 68

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 68

caused by vitamin B deficiency; loss of memory and orientation; sufferers make up events to fill in the gaps (confabulations)

Question 69

Wernicke’s syndrome

Answer 69

caused by thiamine deficiency, characterized by memory problems and eye dysfunctions

Question 70

Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 70

recessive, genetic deficiency; sufferers may have symptoms that resemble psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia or dementia

Question 71

Fromm and Reichman

Answer 71

coined the term schizophrenogenic mother – which refers to a type of mother who supposedly causes children to become schizophrenic