Abnormal Psychology Test 1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the four D’s to determine what is “abnormal”?
1) Deviance
2) Distress
3) Dysfunction
4) Danger
What is Deviance?
Deviating from the “norm” (social norm, societal values)
What is Distress?
Behaviour, ideas or emotions that cause distress
What is Dysfunction?
Dysfunction is when it is interfering with all your family functions (eating, sleeping, working)
What is danger?
When you are putting yourself or others in danger
What are the difference models/perspectives of psychology we looked at to understand abnormal behaviour?
1) Biological model
2) Psychodynamic model
3) Behavioural model
4) Cognitive model
5) Humanistic model
How would the biological model go about trying to understand and treat an individual? (Basic principles)
- Medical perspective (views abnormality as malfunctioning parts of a machine)
- Focus on brain anatomy/chemistry
- Neurons, Neurotransmitters, Serotonin
Would attempt to treat abnormality with drugs, electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery
What type of drugs would be used in the biological model?
1) Anti anxiety
2) Antidepressant
3) Antibipolar
4) Antipsychotic
What are the Psychodynamic models basic principles?
- Focuses on the unconscious. Psychodynamic model says that conflict arises when you aren’t “facing” your unconscious, that’s when abnormal behaviour arises.
- Id, Ego, Superego
- Ego défense mechanisms
- Psychosexual stages of development
How would the Psychodynamic model treat an individual? (Psychodynamic model)
Treat abnormality by uncovering the unconscious state through methods
- free association
- dream analysis
What are the Psychosexual stages of development (Freud) (Psychodynamic model)
1) Oral
2) Anal
3) Phallic
4) Latency
5) Genital
What is the iceberg analogy? (Psychodynamic model)
The conscious mind if the tip
The unconscious is everything below the waters service
The subconscious is the bottom
What are ego defence mechanisms? (Psychodynamic model)
1) Denial (refusal to accept or believe)
2) Repression (unconscious removal of painful or threatening memories)
3) Reaction Formation (Person acts the exact opposite of their thoughts or feelings)
4) Regression (Return to earlier level of development)
What is the role of the id/ego/superego? (Psychodynamic model)
Id: Unconscious desires/ primal urges (acts according to the pleasure principle)
Ego: Aims to satisfy the ID in a realistic way
Surerego: Works against the ID to behave in a socially appropriate manner
What are the basic principles of the Behavioural model?
Focuses on the overt, the observable.
Abnormal would be how people act
What methods would the behavioural model use to “fix” abnormal behaviour?
The behavioural model would use;
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Systematic desensitization
What is operant & classical conditioning? (Behavioural model)
Classical conditioning: Pavlov example (taking conditioned stimulus i.e dog food and associating it with unrelated unconditioned neutral stimulus (bell) in order to produce desired behaviour
Operant conditioning: Reinforcements & Punishments
Little Albert experiment (negative reinforcement when sees fluffy animal) then scared of all fluffy animals (that is the desired behaviour)
What is systematic desensitization?
Treatment for phobias, gradual exposure therapy Real or imagined for therapeutic purposes
What are the basic principles of the Cognitive model?
-Peoples thoughts and how they influence their emotional behaviour
Theories:
- Sociocultural theory
- Cognitive Developmental Theory
What is CBT?
Cognitive Behavioural Theory - the monitoring of thought patterns to change behaviour
What are the basic models of the humanistic method?
Focuses on the self-actualisation part
MASLOWS’ pyramid
What is projective testing? (Type of psychological testing)
Psychoanalytic notions of unconscious
Ie. Rorschach test, Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)
Often used as icebreakers
What are the types of testing?
A (affect): Clinical Interview
B (Behaviour): Behavioural Assessment
C (cognitive): Psychological Testing
What is projective testing? Name and explain the different kinds we looked at
Projective testing is…
Psychoanalytic testing of the unconscious
Ie. Rorschach test, Thematic Appreciation Test
