Abnormal Psychologyy Flashcards
Neurotransmitter responsible for alertness, arousal, decision-making, attention, and focus
Norepinephrine [ concentration ]
One of the chief advisers to the king of France, a bishop and philosopher suggested that the disease of melancholy (depression) was the source of some bizarre behavior, rather than demons.
Nicholas Oresme
Process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all
criteria for a psychological disorder
Diagnosis
phlegmatic
humor phlegm
Hemisphere responsible for verbal and
other cognitive processes
Left Hemisphere
Apathy and sluggishness but can also mean being calm under stress.
phlegmatic
Factors other than inherited DNA sequence, such as new learning or stress, that alter the phenotypic expression of genes
Epigenetics
Low Epinephrine can cause
Fatigue
It is therapeutic to recall and relive emotional trauma that has been made unconscious and to release the accompanying tension. This release of emotional material
catharsis
4 D’s of Psychological Disorder
- Psychological Dysfunction
- Distress or Impairment
- Deviance
- Dangerousness/Danger
Left a body of work called the Hippocratic Corpus,
Hippocrates
Structure of the brain that regulates the body’s homeostasis (normal systematic functioning) and stimulates productions of hormones.
hypothalamus
life-sustaining wind according to the Chinese
yang
Individual is extremely
upset and cannot function properly
Distress or Impairment
Parts of the brain that coordinates movements with sensory input and contains parts of reticular activating
system
Midbrain
Part of the brain that controls motor coordination
abnormalities associated with autism
Cerebellum
Inhibitory
Antagonist
High Serotonin
Mania
new cases occur during a given period
incidence
Neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep
patterns, sexuality, appetite, and pain
Serotonin (I) [ mood ]
master gland
Pituitary
disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period.
time-limited course
Common treatments were for mental depression in the 14th century.
Rest, sleep, and a healthy and happy environment. Other treatments included baths, ointments, and various potions.
Low Endorphin
Eating Disorders
____ Chromosomes, _____Pairs, ___ Pairs of Autosomes, __ pair of sex chromose
46, 23, 22, 1
Always expressed/ trait that shows up
Dominant
Suggested that psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease
Hippocrates
was suggested by Robert Burton to eat tobacco and a half-boiled cabbage
induce vomiting
Looking for a single cause
One-Dimensional
High Acetylcholine
None
normal brain functioning was related to four bodily fluids or humors:
blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm.
What hemisphere is responsivle for receiving the world around us and creating images
Right Hemisphere
Humor that came from the spleen
black bile
HPA Axis
Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland,
Adrenal Cortex
sanguine
red, like blood
XY
Male
Unexplained mental disorders were caused by blockages of wind or the presence of cold, dark wind
yin
one behavior that is like other
people in the society
Normal Behavior
Studies the
factors that influence the disorder
Advanced Genetic Epidemiology
Adopted the ideas of Hippocrates and his associates and developed
them further, creating a powerful and influential school of thought within the biological tradition
Galen
Creates potential harm to self
(suicidal gestures) and others (excessive aggression)
Danger
Cause of psychological disorder in the 14th century
demons, witches, punishment for evil deeds
releases estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
Ovaries
Brain structure that retrieves sensory information. It conveys information about movement and senses to the cortex.
thalamus
Low GABA
Anxiety/OCD
Also recognized the importance of psychological and interpersonal contributions to
psychopathology, such as the sometimes negative effects of family stress; on some occasions, he
removed patients from their families.
Hippocrates
Most common inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the brain and regulates mood,
irritability, sleep, seizures
GABA (I) [calming]
discovered that mild and
modest electric shock to the head produced a brief convulsion and memory loss (amnesia) but otherwise did little harm.
Benjamin Franklin
Refers to a breakdown
in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning that interferes daily functioning
Psychological Dysfunction
Normality is:
▪social conformity
▪ personal comfort
▪ process
Identification of the
specific bacterial microorganism that caused syphilis.
Louis Pasteur -germ theory of disease
Low Dopamine
Parkinson’s
Humor that came from the liver
choler or yellow bile
Who originated the moral therapy?
Philippe Pinel
located around the edge of the
center of the brain
Limbic System
Controls the levels of calcium
Parathyroid
population as a whole have the disorder
prevalence
Part of the brain that regulates many autonomic activities such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion
Hindbrain
Low Acetylcholine
Alzheimer’s
(Dementia)
Biological analysis of individual DNA samples; biological processes genes affect to produce symptoms of the disorder
Molecular Genetics
creates insulin
Pancreas
Area responsible for higher
cognitive functions
Prefrontal Cortex
Low Glutamate can cause
Huntington’s Disease
High Dopamine
Schizophrenia
Applied branch of psychology
that seeks to understand, assess, and treat psychological conditions in a clinical setting
Clinical Psychology
cheerful and optimistic, ruddy in complexion, insomnia and delirium were thought to be caused by excessive blood in the brain.
sanguine
when serotonin (norepinephrine) levels are low, other neurotransmitters are permitted to range more widely, become dysregulated, and contribute to mood irregularities
Permissive Hypothesis
provides us with our distinctly
human qualities, allowing us to look to the future and
plan, to reason, and to create
Cerebral Cortex
High GABA
Relaxation
releases melatonin
Pineal
Family member with the trait singled out for study
Proband
The first person in the family to be identified as
possibly having genetic disorder and who may
receive genetic counseling or testing
regulate cardiovascular system and endocrine system
Autonomic Nervous System
controls the muscles
Somatic Nervous System
father of modern Western medicine
Hippocrates
Branch of psychology that
studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotions, and
thought which may or may not indicate an underlying
condition
Abnormal Psychology
Produces effects opposite to
those produced by the neurotransmitters
Inverse Agonists
Identify adoptees who have a
particular behavioral pattern or psychological
disorder and attempt to locate first-degree relatives
who were raised in different family settings
Adoption Studies
Effectively increase the activity of the neurotransmitters
Agonist
Part of the brain that contributes to sleep, arousal and tension
Midbrain
Decrease or block neurotransmitter
Antagonist
after the mid-19th century, humane treatment declined.
- moral therapy worked best when the number of patients in an institution was 200 or fewer, allowing for a great deal of individual attention.
- Unknown reason
Brian structure that shrinks when a person have
depression
Hippocampus
One of the founding fathers of modern psychiatry. Lasting contribution was in the area of diagnosis and classification.
Emil Kraepelin
Brain structures involved in regulating behavior, emotions, and hormones
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Asylums had appeared in the 16th century, but they were more like prisons than hospitals. It was the
rise of moral therapy in Europe and the United States that made asylums habitable and even therapeutic.
True
Usually conducted to identical twins because they share genetic makeup’
Twin Studies
Lower and more ancient part of the brain; essential for autonomic functioning such as
breathing, heartbeat, etc.
Brain Stem
Neurotransmutter responsible for body reward system, pleasures, achieving heightened arousal and learning
Dopamine [pleasure]
A concept learned from the Egyptians,
identified what we now call the somatic symptom disorders. In these disorders, the physical symptoms appear to be the result of a medical problem for which no physical cause can be found, such as paralysis and some kinds of blindness.
Hysteria
Improving the standards of care in a mental hospital through her mental hygiene movement.
Dorothea Dix
What gene influences the behavior
Gene Finding
Calms the sympathetic
nervous system; rest and digest functions
Parasympathetic
XX
Female
study of the nervous system,
especially the brain to understand behavior,
emotions, and cognitive processes
Neuroscience
Examine behavioral pattern or
emotional trait in the context of the family
Family Studies
contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum;
Hindbrain
Causes of insanity were always physical. mentally ill
patient should be treated as physically ill. The emphasis was again on rest, diet, and proper room temperature and ventilation
John P. Grey
What system is responsible for glands produce hormones that is released to the blood streams
Endocrine System
Neurotransmitter that regulates heart rate, blood pressure and gut motility, role in muscle contraction, memory, motivation, sexual desire, sleep, and learning
Acetylcholine (E) [ learning ]
Humor that came from the heart
Blood
Neurotransmitter that is known as a natural pain reliever, reduces pain
Endorphins [ euphoria ]
course that recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time
episodic course
High Glutamate
Psychosis
Neuron Death
Brain structure related to Parkinson’s disease
Basal Ganglia
unique genetic makeup
Genotypes
controls metabolism and growth
(thyroxine)
Thyroid
Middle ages treatment for psychological disorders
confinement, beatings and other forms of torture.
Long molecules of DNA at various locations on chromosomes, within cell nucleus
Genes
