abnormal tone Flashcards
the NDT approach defines tone as
muscle tension
tone is the ___ state of a muscle
resting
strength is ___ where as tone is ___
active; at rest
for mixed tone typical presentation is low tone ___ and higher tone ___
proximally (trunk and head) and distally (extremities)
dystonia is a ___ or ____ muscle contractions result in abnormal fixed postures
sustained or repetitive
dystonia affects which structure?
basal ganglia
dystonia may resemble a
tremor or muscle spasm
dystonia can cause
contractures, torticollis, and pain and fatigue
athetosis is the
distal writhing or contorting movements
chorea is the
brief, rapid, unsustained irregular movements
spasiticty can occur from the ____ tracks
corticospinal
ridgity is usually due to what structures being damaged?
basal ganglia or spinal cord
hypertonic children usually present with LE ___ and UE ___
extension; flexion
hypertonic children have excessive LE ____
adduction (scissoring)
hypertonic children toe walk due to
gastroc tightness
hypertonic children can have scapular ___ and shoulder ___
retraction; elevation
postural deformities a child with hypertonicity can present with are
scoliosis, windswept hip deformity, pelvic obliquity and hip dislocations
spasticity the end feel may feel like a
catch
spasticity cannot be blocked or improved by what
splints or external supports alone
why can spasticity be advantageous?
provide a base of support for postural control
help with circulation
___ increases with movement whereas ___ is independent from movement
spasticity; ridgidity
rigidity is detectable by
slow movements
what type of effects are shown with rigidity
lead pipe or cogwheel
what is a common type of hypertonicity with parkinsons
rigidity
