Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Flashcards
What is oligomenorrhoea?
Menstrual cycle last >35 days
What is polymenorrhoea?
Menstrual cycle lasting <24 days
What is menorrhagia?
Regular bleeding that is excessive in flow or duration
What are the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia?
- PCOS
- High BMI
- Tamoxifen
- Family history
- Diabetes
What exams should be performed in AUB?
Internal and external genitalia
Abdominal exam
Review of systems
How is AUB investigated?
- Pregnancy test
- Smear
- Labs (FBC, TSH, coagulation, andogrens, prolactin)
- Vaginal swab
- Pelvic U/S
- Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy
What is the gold standard investigation in AUB?
Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy
What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer?
- Endometrial hyperplasia
- Obesity
- Tamoxifen
- Unopposed oestrogen (tamoxifen)
- Family history
What are the causes of AUB in a woman of reproductive age?
Polyp
Adenomyosis
Leiomyoma
Malignancy
Coagulopathy
Ovulation dysfunction
Endometriosis
Idiopathic
Not explained
What are the most common causes of AUB in post-menopausal women?
- Atrophic vaginitis
- Carcinoma (uterine, ovarian, endometrial0
- Oestrogen replacement
How can AUB be treated?
Treat underlying cause
Medical (mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid, mirena IUS)
Surgical (endometrical resection, ablation, hysterectomy)
What type of drug is mefenamic acid (Ponstan)?
NSAID
What type of drug is tranexamic acid?
Anti-fibrinolytic agent
