abnormalities

Question 1

People with Barrett’s esophagus usually have a ______?

Answer 1

hiatal hernia

Question 2

how does the epithelia change with barrett’s esophagus?

Answer 2

from squamous to columnar- called specialized intestinal metaplasia

Question 3

what are the 2 types of hiatal hernia?

Answer 3

paraesophageal and gastric/ sliding

Question 4

what type of hiatal hernia is most common?

Answer 4

sliding

Question 5

what percent of patients over 70 have a hiatal hernia?

Answer 5

70%

Question 6

what is the term for the mouth filling up with fluid often when changing positions?

Answer 6

water brash

Question 7

what are the S/S of hiatal hernia

Answer 7

epi pain worse with lying down and better with sitting up
water brash
dysphagia

Question 8

95% of gastric cancers are?

Answer 8

adenocarcinomas

Question 9

ulcerative colitis begins where?

Answer 9

rectum

Question 10

when UC migrates to the ileum it is called?

Answer 10

backwash ileitis

Question 11

what are the DD for UC?

Answer 11

diffuse inflammation of affected mucosa with hyperemia, granularity and surface pus and blood

Question 12

what are the clinical features of active UC?

Answer 12

proctitis- rectal bleeding and mucus discharge
proctosigmoiditis- proctitis with diarrhea, urgency, pain
extensive colitis-profuse frequent diarrhea with blood and pus

Question 13

which pathology can affect any part of the gut and has characteristic skip lesions?

Answer 13

crohns

Question 14

which pathology is deep fissuring ulcers with cobblestoning, fibrosis, stricturing or fistulation?

Answer 14

crohns

Question 15

with small bowel disease what is common?

Answer 15

steatorrhea

Question 16

with large bowel disease what is common?

Answer 16

rectal bleeding

Question 17

toxic megacolon is more common in which condition?

Answer 17

UC

Question 18

which disease is more likely to have a right sided abdominal mass?

Answer 18

crohns

Question 19

what percentage of people who crohns require surgery?

Answer 19

80% with 50% requiring more than 1

Question 20

what is the risk of death with crohns?

Answer 20

2x the general population

Question 21

what is an inflammatory process characterized by diffuse or patchy hepatocellular necrosis?

Answer 21

hepatitis

Question 22

what is fibrosis and alteration of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules

Answer 22

cirrhosis

Question 23

what is the inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli

Answer 23

acute glomerulonephritis

Question 24

what is Dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to

an obstruction of urine flow anywhere from the urethral meatus to the kidneys

Answer 24

hydronephrosis

Question 25

what is an infection of the kidney and renal pelvis

Answer 25

pyelonephritis

Question 26

what is rolapse, or telescoping, of one segment of intestine into another causes intestinal obstruction

Answer 26

intussusception

Question 27

what is Hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus leads to obstruction of the pyloric sphincter

Answer 27

pyloric stenosis

Question 28

what is Distal intestinal obstruction caused by thick inspissated impacted meconium in the lower intestine

Answer 28

meconium ileus

Question 29

what are the symptoms of pyloric stenosis in infants?

Answer 29

``` vomiting constant hunger diarrhea- loose green wave like motion over abdomen after eating dehydration belching failure to gain weight pain ```

Question 30

what are symptoms of pyloric stenosis in adults

Answer 30

vomiting large amounts but without bile epi distention gastric peristalsis undigested food even 24-48 hours after eating

Question 31

what is Congenital obstruction or absence of some or all of the bile duct system resulting in bile flow obstruction

Answer 31

biliary atresia

Question 32

what is an Outpouching of the ileum that varies in size from a small appendiceal process to a segment of bowel several inches long, often in the proximity of the ileocecal valve

Answer 32

meckel's diverticulum

Question 33

what is Inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal mucosa associated with prematurity and immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 33

necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 34

What is a Common solid malignancy of embryonal origin in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system

Answer 34

neuroblastoma

Question 35

what is the most common intraabdominal tumor of childhood usually appearing at age 2-3?

Answer 35

wilm's tumor- nephroblastoma

Question 36

what describes Primary absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a segment of the colon that interrupts intestinal motility

Answer 36

hirschsprungs disease

Question 37

what is the Triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, | thrombocytopenia, and uremia?

Answer 37

hemolytic uremic syndrome