Abnormalities of the retinal vessels

Question 1

narrowing of the arteriole, occurs with hypertension

Answer 1

constricted arteriole

Question 2

widening of the light reflex and a coppery color; occurs with hypertension

Answer 2

copper white arteriole

Question 3

opaque or silver appearance caused by thickening of arteriole wall

Answer 3

silver wire arteriole

Question 4

vein appearing to stop short on either side of the arteriole, caused by loss of arteriole wall transparency from hypertension

Answer 4

arteriovenous nicking

Question 5

vein appearing to taper to a point on either side of the arteriole ; caused by loss of arteriole wall transparency from hypertension

Answer 5

arteriovenous tapering

Question 6

twisting of the vein on the anteriole’s distal side and formation of the dark, knuckle like structure

Answer 6

arteriovenous banking

Question 7

also known as soft exudates, cotton wool patches have a fluffy cotton ball appearance, with irregular edges

Answer 7

cotton wool patches

Question 8

solid, smooth surface and well defined edges; creamy yellow white, small, round spots typically clustered in circular, linear or star pattern

Answer 8

hard exudate

Question 9

appear as small flame shaped, linear red streaks on retinal background

Answer 9

superficial retinal hemorrhages

Question 10

appear as small, irregular red spots with blurred edges on retinal background

Answer 10

deep retinal hemorrhages

Question 11

round, tiny red dots with smooth edges on the retinal background; localized dilations of small vessels in retina but vessels are too small to see.

Answer 11

microaneurysms