Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 1

Question:
Who was Abraham Maslow, and what is his Hierarchy of Needs? How does the model explain motivation at work?

Answer 1

Answer:
Abraham Maslow (1908–1970) was an American psychologist who introduced the Hierarchy of Needs in 1943.
His theory suggests that humans are motivated in stages, starting from basic needs and moving toward personal growth.

🔺 Maslow’s 5-
Level Hierarchy (Bottom to Top):
Level Description Workplace Example
1. Physiological Basic survival (food, water, rest) Salary, lunch breaks
2. Safety Security and stability Job security, safe work conditions
3. Love/Belonging Social connection and relationships Team culture, supportive colleagues
4. Esteem Respect, recognition, confidence Promotion, praise, performance reviews
5. Self-Actualisation Personal growth and fulfilment Creativity, purpose, autonomy

🧠 How It Works:
People must satisfy lower levels first before focusing on higher levels.

If a person lacks job security (level 2), they won’t care much about growth opportunities (level 5).

📈 Why It Matters in Workplaces:
Helps managers understand employee motivation beyond just pay

Encourages a holistic view of well-being

Often used in HR, leadership, and organisational behaviour

⚠️ Criticisms:
Not always linear (some may value esteem before safety)

May not apply equally across cultures or life stages