ABSITE KILLER PLUS

Question 1

Type I error

Answer 1

Reject null hypothesis incorrectly (aka it is false but you said it was true)

Question 2

Type II Error

Answer 2

Accept null hypothesis error – aka false negative!

Question 3

Type III error

Answer 3

Conclusions not supported by data

Question 4

Prospective cohort study

Answer 4

Non random assignment to tx group

Question 5

ANOVA is a t-test for ..

Answer 5

> 2 samples of QUANTITATIVE data (continuous variables)

Question 6

Non parametric stats are used for what kind of data analysis?

Answer 6

Qualitative data analysis

Question 7

Source of fever in atelectasis

Answer 7

Alveolar macrophages

Question 8

Where is the TCA cycle located?

Answer 8

Inner matrix membrane of mitochondria

Question 9

Nucleus has outer membrane that is continuous with..

Answer 9

Rough ER

Question 10

Where are ribosomes made?

Answer 10

Nucleolus (remember – no membrane!)

Question 11

Rough ER makes protein for..

Answer 11

Export!

Question 12

Smooth ER is for..

Answer 12

Cytoplasmic proteins

Question 13

Typical protein/lipid content of plasma membrane

Answer 13

60% protein

40% lipids

Question 14

Increasing cholesterol content of plasma membrane does what for proteins?

Answer 14

Increases mobility of proteins

Question 15

First sign of malignant hyperthermia

Answer 15

Increased end tidal CO2

Question 16

Lymphatics lack what?

Answer 16

Basement membrane

Question 17

Rate limiting step in cholesterol formation

Answer 17

HMG CoA Reductase

Question 18

Steroid hormones go to nucleus AFTER binding where?

Answer 18

In the cytoplasm of the target cell

Question 19

Krebs cycle generates how much ATP from 1 glucose

Answer 19

38

Question 20

Anaerobic glycolysis generates how much ATP

Answer 20

2 ATP and lactate

Question 21

What produces renin and why?

Answer 21

Macula densa senses low NaCl and produces renin

Question 22

What does renin do

Answer 22

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Question 23

MOA of angiotensin II

Answer 23

ATII is a vasoconstrictor and increases aldosterone which keeps Na, loses K/H in urine

Question 24

Describe how renal osteodystrophy leads to secondary hyper PTH

Answer 24

Kidney loses Ca, keeps PO4

Decreased vit D-1 hydroxylation

Question 25

L vagus nerve gives off what branch?

Answer 25

Hepatic branch | LARP (anterior!)

Question 26

R vagus nerve gives off what two branches

Answer 26

Celiac branch and criminal nerve of Grassi which if undivided can keep elevated acid levels post vagotomy

Question 27

Parietal cells produce ...

Answer 27

H+ and intrinsic factor which binds B12 and absorbed in TI

Question 28

3 main stimuli for H+ production

Answer 28

ACh, gastrin, and histamine

Question 29

How do we increase HCl production?

Answer 29

ACH and gastrin activate PIP, DAG to inc Ca, activate protein kinase C which incr Hal production

Question 30

How does histamine increase HCl production

Answer 30

Acts on parietal cells via cAMP to incr HCl production Think Happy cAMPer

Question 31

Gastrin produced by what

Answer 31

Astral G cells

Question 32

Gastrin inhibited by

Answer 32

H+ in duodenum

Question 33

Gastrin stimulated by

Answer 33

amino acids, ACH

Question 34

MOA of omeprazole

Answer 34

Blocks H/K ATPase of parietal cell

Question 35

Somatostatin inhibits...

Answer 35

Gastrin, insulin, secretin, ACh | Decreases pancreatic and biliary output

Question 36

Somatostatin stimulated by

Answer 36

Acid in duodenum

Question 37

Proximal vagotomy abolishes ??

Answer 37

RECEPTIVE relaxation which increases liquid emptying. No change in solids.

Question 38

Most common sx post-vagotomy

Answer 38

Diarrhea

Question 39

Dumping syndrome occurs post-vagotomy in how many?

Answer 39

10%

Question 40

Early dumping syndrome is due to

Answer 40

Hyper osmotic load, fluid shift

Question 41

Late dumping syndrome is due to ..

Answer 41

Increased insulin with decreased glucose

Question 42

How often does dumping syndrome fail to respond to dietary measures

Answer 42

1%

Question 43

Enterokinase activates ..

Answer 43

Trypsinogen, which becomes trypsin -- > activates other enzymes of digestion

Question 44

CCK from intestinal mucosa acts to... (3 things)

Answer 44

Contract GB Relax sphincter of odds Incr pancreatic enzyme secretion

Question 45

Primary stimulus of pancreatic bicarb secretion

Answer 45

Secretin

Question 46

After small bowel resection, what hormone is increased

Answer 46

Enteroglucagon (small bowel mucosal hypertrophy)

Question 47

Peptid YY is released from TI when?

Answer 47

With a mixed meal. It inhibits acid secretion

Question 48

Bile is composed of ..

Answer 48

80% bile salts, 15% lecithin, 5% cholesterol

Question 49

How does gallbladder concentrate bile

Answer 49

Active resorption of NaCl, H2O then follows.

Question 50

Bile pool is approx how many grams?

Answer 50

5g. Gets recirculated q4h, we lose about 0.5g daily (aka 10%)

Question 51

Stones form in which 3 situations

Answer 51

Increased cholesterol Decreased bile salts Decreased lecithin

Question 52

2 Primary bile acids

Answer 52

Chalice acid | Chenodeoxycholic acid

Question 53

2 Secondary bile acids

Answer 53

Formed by intestinal bacteria Deoxycholic acid Lithocholic acid

Question 54

MMC

Answer 54

Interdigestive motility. 90 minute cycles Starts in stomach, goes to TI

Question 55

Phase I (gastric)

Answer 55

Quiescence

Question 56

Phase II

Answer 56

Gallbladder contraction

Question 57

Phase III

Answer 57

Peristalsis

Question 58

Phase IV

Answer 58

subsiding electric activity

Question 59

Key stimulatory hormone of digestion

Answer 59

Motilin

Question 60

What part of small bowel absorbs most Na and H2O?

Answer 60

Jejunum. Much more permeable than ileum

Question 61

Intrinsic pathway assoc with PTT or PT?

Answer 61

PTT

Question 62

Which tissue factor common to both intrinsic and extrinsic

Answer 62

X

Question 63

Which tissue factor crosslinks fibrin to form plug?

Answer 63

XIII

Question 64

What is single best test to evaluate synthetic function of liver

Answer 64

PT

Question 65

Banked blood is low in what?

Answer 65

2,3 DPG which increases Hgb affinity for O2 (left shift)

Question 66

Cryo contains what ?

Answer 66

Fibrinogen | VWF-VIII

Question 67

Protein C degrades which factors

Answer 67

Active V and VIII

Question 68

Only factor not made in liver

Answer 68

Factor VIII (made by reticuloendothelial system!)

Question 69

Von Willebrand's effect on PTT, bleeding time etc

Answer 69

Long PTT Long bleeding time +ristocetin test

Question 70

Type I and III VW disease have what problem with VWF

Answer 70

Low AMOUNTS. They'll respond to DDAVP

Question 71

Type II VW disease has what problem with VWF

Answer 71

Poor quality vWF

Question 72

Only inherited coagulopathy with long bleeding time?

Answer 72

von willebrands

Question 73

Inheritance of von willebrands

Answer 73

Autosomal dominant

Question 74

ddAVP is useful in...

Answer 74

von willebrands, pts on ASA or w/uremic plt

Question 75

Glanzmann thrombasthenia deficinecy in ..

Answer 75

IIb/IIIa receptor deficiency, causing decreased platelet aggregation

Question 76

Bernard Soulier deficiency in..

Answer 76

Ib deficiency causing decreased adherence to exposed collagen

Question 77

VII deficiency causes what PT/PTT effects?

Answer 77

Long PT, normal PTT

Question 78

Hemophilia A causes what PT/PTT effects?

Answer 78

Normal PT, long PTT

Question 79

Hemophilia B is a deficiency in?

Answer 79

IX

Question 80

Levels of factor VIII should be replaced to what amount pre op in hemophilia A

Answer 80

100%

Question 81

Levels of factor IX should be replaced to what amount pre op in hemophilia B

Answer 81

50%

Question 82

Tx of hemophiliac joint

Answer 82

Do not aspirate! Give ice, ROM therapy, give factor VIII