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ABSITE 2019 > Absite Review > Flashcards

Absite Review Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

crescent shape, conforms to brain; 50% mortality, elderly

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2
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

lens shape, goes into brain, 10% mortality, middle meningeal artery, ‘lucid interval’

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3
Q

Cerebral perfusion pressure

A

CPP = MAP - ICP, want to keep ~70

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4
Q

Cushing’s triad

A

increased ICP:

HTN, bradycardia, Kussmaul respiration

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5
Q

Brown Sequard

A

spinal cord transected 1/2 way, loss of
ipsilateral motor
contralateral pain and temp

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6
Q

Central Cord Syndrome

A

Bilateral loss of upper extremity motor, pain, temp;
Legs relatively spared.
Hyperflexed C-spine injury

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7
Q

GSC

A

GCS Motor:
6 commands, 5 localizes, 4 withdraw pain, 3 flexion pain (decorticate), 2 extension pain, 1 none

GCS Verbal: 5 oriented, 4 confused, 3 inappropriate, 2 incomprehensible, 1 none

GCS Eyes: 4 spontaneous, 3 to command, 2 to pain, 1 none

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8
Q

Anterior spinal artery syndrome:

A

lose bilateral motor, pain and temp; keep position sense, light touch

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9
Q

Spinal Shock

A

Cord injury above T5 can cause spinal shock; Rx with fluids, may need alpha-agonist. Recognize by hypotension with bradycardia, warm perfused extremities (vasodilated).

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10
Q

Spinal Shock

A

Cord injury above T5 can cause spinal shock; Rx with fluids, may need alpha-agonist (phenylephrine). Recognize by hypotension with bradycardia, warm perfused extremities (vasodilated).

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11
Q

EtOH and Head Injury ___ ADH release which causes

A 
Inhibit ADH
Diabetes Insipidus (high UOP, low urine glucose, high serum osmolarity/Na)
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12
Q

Closed Head Injury may cause SIADH

A

oliguric, high urine osmolarity, low serum osmo/Na

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13
Q

AVMs vs Aneurysms

A 
AVM's: congenital, bleed age 40-60
aneurysms younger (age 20-59), are a/w HTN
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14
Q

Acoustic Neuromas

A

Arise from 8th CN at cerebellopontine angle,

hearing loss, vertigo, N/V

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15
Q

Krukenberg Tumor

A

Colon or stomach cancer met to ovary (signet cells on path)

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16
Q

Meig’s Syndrome

A

Pelvic tumor causing ascites and hydrothorax

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17
Q

Missed abortion

A

1st tri bleeding
Closed os
Sac on US
no heartbeat

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18
Q

Threatened abortion

A

1st tri bleeding

+heartbeat

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19
Q

Incomplete abortion

A

tissue @ os

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20
Q

PID

A

Risk of ectopic pregnancy

Ceftriaxone, Doxycycline

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21
Q

Appendicitis in pregnancy

A

50% premature delivery, fetal mortality 2-8%, maternal 1%

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22
Q

Ovarian Cancer Staging

A

stage I limited to ovary (5 yr survival only 66%); II in pelvis; III throughout abdomen; IV distant mets

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23
Q

infections can present w/in hours postop

A

ß-Strep and clostridial

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24
Q

Most common anaerobe in colon

A

b fragilis

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25
Most common aerobic bacteria in colon
e. coli
26
Most common organism in the GI tract
Anaerobes
27
mechanism in gram negative sepsis
endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide A) release, triggers release of TNF-alpha, activates complement and coagualation cascade
28
early v. late gram negative sepsis
Early: decreased insulin, increased glucose (impaired utilization) Late: increase insulin, increased glucose (insulin resistance)
29
First sign of sepsis
hyperglycemia
30
C. diff treatment
Oral vanco/flagyl | IV flagyl
31
C. diff in pregnancy
oral vanc
32
Tx for fulminant c. diff
total colectomy w/ ileostomy
33
When do abscesses occur
7-10 days post op
34
coagulase positive
staph aureus
35
Coagulase neagtive
staph epidermidis
36
Most common organism in SSI
s aureus
37
Most common organism in ICU pneumonia
S. aureus pseudomonas E. coli
38
Most common organism in line infections
s. epidermidis s. aureus yeast
39
Necrotizing soft tissue infections
beta-hemolytic strep C. perfringens *overlying skin can look normal as infection spreads along fascial planes
40
Tortuous abscesses in cervical, thoracic, abdominal areas
Actinomyces
41
CNS symptomsin AIDS patients
Cryptococcus (tx amphotericin)
42
Pulmonary symptoms in the Southwest
Coccidioidomycosis (tx amphotericin)
43
Pulmonary symptomsin Mississippi & Ohio River valley
Histoplasmosis (tx amphotericin)
44
Bacteria in primary SBP
monobacterial 50% E. coli 30% streptococcus 10% Klebsiella Due to decreased host defenses not transmucosal migration
45
Dx of SBP
peritoneal fluid w/ PMNs>250 or positive cultures
46
Secondary SBP
intra abdominal source - polymicrobial (b. fragilis, E.coli, enterococcus
47
Potency
dose required for effect
48
ED50
drug level at which desired effect occurs in 50% of patients
49
LD50
drug level at which death occurs in 50% of patients
50
Gout TX
Colchicine: anti-inflammatory, binds tubulin Indomethacin: NSAIDs, inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Allopurinol: xanthine oxidase inhbitor Probenecid: increases renal secretion of uric acid
51
ME of metoclopramide (Reglan)
inhibits dopamine receptors
52
ME of erythromycin
binds and activates motilin receptor
53
ME of zofran
central acting serotonin receptor inhibitor
54
ME of omeprazole
blocks H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells
55
ME of ranitidine
H2 receptor blocker to decrease acid
56
ME of digoxin
Inhibits Na/K ATPase and increases myocardial calcium to slow AV conduction *be cautious of hypokalemia, mesenteric ischemia
57
ME of amiodarone
Good for acute arrhythmia | **side effect is pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid problems
58
Best single agent shown to improve survival in patients w/ CHF
ACE inhibitors
59
Best single agent shown to improve survival in patients after MI
beta blockers
60
ASA poisoning
Respiratory alkalosis | Metabolic acidosis
61
Tx of AIDS
AZT - reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Ritonavir - protease inhibitor
62
Most common indication for laparotomy in HIV patients
CMV opportunistic infection (followed by lymphoma/neoplastic disease)
63
Abdominal pain, bleeding, perforation in AIDS
CMV colitis
64
MC neoplasm in AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
65
Upper GI bleed in AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
66
Lower GI bleed in AIDS
CMV
67
Most common indication for liver transplant
Hepatitis C
68
Most common infection in transplant patients
CMV (cellular inclusion bodies)
69
Test for osteomyelitis
MRI
70
Where does aspiration PNA occur
superior segment of right lower lobe
71
TX brown recluse bites
oral dapsone
72
bacteria in cat/dog bites
s. pyogenes, pasturella multocida (Tx w/ augmentin)
73
Peritoneal dialysis catheter infection bug
s. epidermidis s. aureus pseudomonas

ABSITE 2019 (8 decks)

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