Absolutely essential words Flashcards

(307 cards)

1
Q

aberrant

A

deviating from what is right, usual or normal

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2
Q

abeyance

A

suspension

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3
Q

abscond

A

to depart in a sudden and secret manner,

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4
Q

abstemious

A

moderate in eating ; temperate in diet.

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5
Q

admonish

A

to reprove and scold ;

The teacher admonished him about excessive noise.

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6
Q

aesthetic

A

concerned with beauty and art

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7
Q

aggregate

A

put together

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8
Q

alacrity

A

great willingness or enthusiasm

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9
Q

amalgamate

A

mix, blend , merge , combine

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10
Q

ambiguous

A

vague

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11
Q

ambivalence

A

not sure whether you like sth or not , having both good feelings and bad feelings about it

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12
Q

ameliorate

A

improve

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13
Q

anachronism

A

error in chronology

خطا در شرح وقایع به ترتیب زمانی

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14
Q

analogous

A

similar

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15
Q

anomalous

A

deviating from what is common

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16
Q

antipathy

A

opposition in feeling , strong dislike

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17
Q

apprise

A

inform

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18
Q

approbation

A

official approval

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19
Q

appropriate

A

1.suitable
2- (v) allocate, assign , set apart
The legislature appropriated funds for the university.
3 - to take possession

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20
Q

artless

A

simple , natural , honest , without skill

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21
Q

ascetic

A

زاهد

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22
Q

assiduous

A

diligent

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23
Q

assuage (v)

A

to make less sever ;

soothe,calm, relieve

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24
Q

attenuate

A

weaken

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25
audacious
1. brave | 2. shameless
26
austere
1. simple 2. strict and serious 3. ascetic
27
autonomous
independent
28
aver
assert, declare
29
banal
ordinary
30
belie
1 - to show to be false; contradict: His trembling hands belied his calm voice. 2 - to misrepresent: The newspaper belied the facts.
31
beneficent
doing good, giving help , showing kindness ; generous
32
bombastic
high-sounding; high-flown, inflated; pretentious ; arrogant !
33
boorish
دهاتی ، بی نزاکت | rude
34
burgeon
grow or develop
35
burnish
polish
36
buttress
give encouragement or support
37
cacophonous
harsh or discordant sound
38
capricious
erratic ; showing sudden changes in behavior
39
castigation
1- to criticize severely | 2 -punish in order to correct.
40
catalyst
کاتالیزور
41
causality
علیت
42
chicanery
trickery , deception | حیله گری
43
coagulate
دلمه کردن ، لخته شدن
44
coda
concluding part, ( music, passage... )
45
commensurate
1 - having the same measure; of equal extent or duration. 2 - proportionate; adequate. متناسب ، متناسب با
46
compendium
summary ; a brief account
47
complaisant
gentle ; compliant, showing willingness to do what others want
48
conciliatory
آشتی جویانه | conciliate : to make sb less angry by being kind or giving sth to them
49
confound
amaze, confuse
50
connoisseur
expert
51
contention
argument, strife , dispute , controversy
52
contentious
tending to argument | ستیزه جو، دعوائی،
53
conundrum
anything that puzzles; a riddle
54
conventional
ordinary
55
convoluted
1. twisted; coiled | 2. complicated
56
craven
coward, cawardly
57
decorum
politeness
58
deference
behavior that shows you respect sb/sth
59
delineate
represent pictorially, describe sth in detail
60
denigrate
1 - to speak damagingly of ; sully لکه دار کردن 2 - belittle
61
derivative
مشتق
62
desiccate (v)
to dry
63
desultory
1. unorganized, lacking in order | 2. irrelevant
64
diatribe
زخم زبان | bitter , sharp criticism
65
dichotomy
division into two parts ; duality | دوگانگی
66
diffidence
without confidence ; shyness
67
diffuse
spread
68
digression
deviate from the main
69
dirge
نوحه | mournful song
70
disabuse
free someone from mistake
71
discordant
disagreeing; e.g discordant opinions | ناسازگار
72
discredit
بی اعتبار کردن
73
discrepancy
disagreement, difference | e.g : discrepant accounts
74
discerning
showing good judgment and understanding | discern : 1 - see 2 - distinguish
75
discrete
seperate
76
disingenuous
lacking in frankness or sincerity
77
disinterested
impartial ; unbiased by personal interest
78
disjointed
disconnected
79
dismiss
to allow a person to go , discard, remove(from duty) | to put away from consideration
80
disparage
discredit , belittle
81
disparate
different
82
dissemble
1 - conceal the truth or real nature of 2 - وانمود کردن to dissemble innocence.
83
disseminate
to scatter or spread widely ; broadcast; disperse | پخش کردن ، منتشر کردن ، بذر پاشیدن
84
dissolution
1 - separation into component parts 2 - the act of ending a marriage, business.. تجزیه ، از هم پاشیدگی ، فسخ
85
dissonance
cacophony, inharmonious sound
86
distend
to expand by stretching , to expand
87
distill
تقطیر شدن
88
doctrinaire
noun : theorist adj : 1 - متعصبانه 2 - theoretical
89
dogmatic
متعصب
90
dupe
noun : a person who is easily deceived | v : deceive
91
ebullient
overflowing with excitement
92
eclectic
choosing from various sources | e.g : she has a very eclectic taste in leterature
93
efficacy
effectiveness
94
effrontery
shameless boldness | جسارت، بی شرمی
95
elegy
mournful song , poem | مرثیه
96
elicit
to draw, bring out; extract
97
embellish
adorn, decorate
98
empirical
تجربی
99
emulate
imitate
100
endemic
native , belonging to a particular place | بومی، بیماری همه گیربومی،
101
enervate
weaken
102
engender
cause, give rise to , produce | Hatred engenders violence
103
ephemeral
lasting a very short time | زودگذر
104
equanimity
mental or emotional stability , calmenss
105
equivocate
دوپهلو حرف زدن ، طفره رفتن
106
erudite
عالم ، عالمانه
107
esoteric
1- understood by only the select few who have special knowledge ; 2 - confidential, secret
108
eulogy
a speech or writing in praise of a person | مدح
109
euphemism
حسن تعبیر، استعمال کلمه نیکو و مطلوبی برای موضوع یا کلمه نامطلوبی.
110
exacerbate
1 - to make sth worse ( a problem, disease .. ) | 2 - irritate
111
exculpate
to clear from a charge of guilt; free from blame
112
exigency
urgency, emergency | exigent : urgent, requiring immediate action
113
extraneous
external
114
facetious
not meant to be taken seriously : a facetious remark. | humorous
115
facilitate
to make easier
116
fallacious
wrong, based on a false idea
117
fatuous
foolish ,stupid ; | e.g : a fatuous comment
118
fawning
fawn : to try to please sb by praising them
119
felicitous
well suited ; chosen well ; appropriate
120
flag
1 - to signal ; flag a taxi 2 - to put a mark next to information that you think is important 3 - to become tired , less enthusiastic
121
fledgling
new and inexperienced
122
flout
to treat with contempt | استهزا کردن ، بی احترامی کردن
123
foment
promote the growth or development of ; | to foment trouble
124
forestall
to prevent an action in advance; | to forestall a riot by deploying police
125
frugality
صرفه جویی | frugal : صرفه جو
126
gainsay
to say that sth is not true ; deny
127
garrulous
excessively talkative
128
goad
1- سک ، سک زدن 2- to annoy sb until they react, or do what u want 3 - goad sb into doing sth : to encourage sb to do sth
129
gouge
1 - to make a hole in sth with a sharp object | 2 - to extort, overcharge
130
grandiloquent
using complicated words in order to impress people
131
gregarious
socialbe
132
guileless
sincere, honest
133
gullible
easily deceived
134
harangue
to speak loudly and angrily to criticize or persuade
135
homogeneous
همگن
136
hyperbole
obvious and intentional exaggeration.
137
iconoclastic
criticizing and ignoring popular believes or established customs
138
idolatry
1 - worship of idols | 2 - too much love or admiration for sb
139
immutable
unchangeable
140
impair
to make or cause to become worse ,damage; make imperfect e.g : impair one's health خراب کردن ، زیان رساندن ، معیوب کردن .
141
impassive
emotionless
142
impede
to delay or stop the progress of sth, hinder, obstruct
143
impermeable
نفوذ ناپذیر
144
imperturbable
not easily upset or agitated, calm
145
impervious
impenetrable | نفوذ ناپذیر
146
implacable
1- ( of negative feelings and opinions) that cannot be changed 2- (of a person )unwilling to stop opposing ; an implacable enemy
147
implicit
suggested without being directly expressed , implied
148
implode
to burst inward
149
inadvertent
unintentional
150
inchoate
just beginning to form and therefore not developed
151
incongruity
نا متناجس بودن ، نا همگن بودن 2 - being inappropriate adj : incongruous
152
inconsequential
of little or no importance
153
incorporate
1- to include sht | 2- to form into a legal corporation
154
indeterminate
1 - indefinite , not certain | 2 - not clear
155
indigence
poverty
156
indolent
lazy
157
inert
without the power to move or act
158
ingenuous
honest, innocent and willing to trust people, naive
159
inherent
intrinsic, that is basic and permanent part of sb/sth
160
innocuous
harmless
161
insensible
1 - unable to feel sth ; insensible to cold | 2 - unaware
162
insinuate
imply , to suggest indirectly
163
insipid
1 - flavorless | 2 - not interesting, dull
164
insularity
insular : 1- only interested in your own idea, country,etc; تنگ نظر 2 - of an island 3 - isolated
165
intractable
not easily controlled or managed; stubborn ; (person ,problem) difficult to deal with
166
intransigence
unwilling to change opinion or behavior ; stubborn
167
inundate
1- to flood; cover with water | 2- to overwhelm
168
inured
inure : to get accustomed to hardship, pain....
169
invective
an insulting word or expression
170
irascible
irritable
171
laconic
using few words, concise
172
lassitude
a state of feeling very tired in mind or body
173
laud
to praise
174
lethargic
not having energy ; lazy
175
levee
1- a wall designed to prevent the flooding of a river 2- a reception, usually in someone's honor 3- landing place for ships
176
levity
behavior that shows a lack of respect for sth serious; lack of seriousness
177
log
1- تنه درخت 2 -something inert; 3- record; account
178
loquacious
talkative
179
lucid
1 - clear, easy to understand | 2- able to think clearly
180
magnanimity
magnanimous : kind , generous, and forgiving , especially towards an enemy
181
malingerer
malinger : to pretend illness, especially in order to shirk one's duty, avoid work, etc.
182
malleable
1 - capable of being extended or shaped by hammering | 2- easily influenced or changed
183
maverick
1 - حیوان بی صاحب | 2- person who does not think or behave like anyone else , and has independent unusual opinions
184
mendacious
untruthful, dishonest, telling lies
185
metamorphosis
change
186
meticulous
taking or showing extreme care about minute details; precise; thorough
187
misanthrope
a hater of humankind
188
mitigate
to lessen in intensity, to make less sever
189
mollify
to make sb less angry and upset, pacify
190
morose
unhappy or bad tempered | ترشرو، کج خلق، عبوس،.
191
mundane
1- worldly, earthly | 2- ordinary
192
negate
1 - to deny the existence نفی کردن | 2 - to nullify or cause to be ineffective خنثی کردن
193
neophyte
a beginner or novice
194
obdurate
unmoved by persuasion, pity, or tender feelings; stubborn; unyielding.
195
obsequious
try hard to please sb; fawning ; servile
196
obviate
to prevent and eliminate a problem or the need for sth | مرتفع کردن، رفع کردن
197
occlude
to block
198
officious
too eager to tell people what to do, offering unwanted service, advice; meddlesome فضول، مداخله کن
199
onerous
causing hardship, troublesome , needing great effort | شاق، دشوار، طاقت فرسا
200
opprobrium
1- رسوایی the disgrace or the reproach incurred by conduct considered outrageously shameful 2- sever criticism by a large group of people
201
oscillate
:|
202
ostentatious
showy, expensive in a way that is intended to impress people ; behaving in a way to impress people by showing that you are rich
203
paragon
model of excellence, sb/sth who is a perfect example
204
pathological
pathology : 1-the science or the study of the origin, nature, and course of diseases. 2-any deviation from a healthy, normal, or efficient condition
205
paucity
a small amount of sth
206
pedantic
too worried about small details or rules
207
penchant
a special liking for sth
208
penury
poverty
209
perennial
continuing for a very long time, happening again and again
210
perfidious
that cannot be trusted, treacherous
211
perfunctory
1- hasty , not thorough | 2- done as habit or duty , without real attention,interest or feeling
212
permeable
نفوذ پذیر
213
pervasive
spread throughout فراگیر a sense of social change is pervasive in her novels
214
phlegmatic
calm
215
piety
the state of having a deep respect for sb/sth ,especially for god or religion
216
placate
to make sb feel less angry , pacify
217
plasticity
the quality of being easily made into different shapes
218
platitude
a statement that has been made very often before and therefore is not interesting
219
plethora
excess , an amount that is greater than needed
220
plummet
to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level; plunge; | prices plummeted to an all-time low
221
pragmatic
practical, solving problems in a practical way rather than by having theories
222
precarious
1-not safe or certain;dangerous | 2- likely to fall
223
precipitate
1- to make sth happen sooner than it should | 2 - to suddenly force or send sb into a particular state, condition
224
precursor
forerunner , predecessor
225
presumptuous
too confident, in a way that shows lack of respect for others
226
prevaricate
to avoid giving a direct answer to a question in order to hide sth
227
pristine
1- left in its original condition, not changed; | 2 - primitive
228
probity
honesty
229
problematic
full of problems, difficult to deal with
230
prodigal
too willing to spend money or waste
231
proliferate
to increase rapidly
232
propensity
a tendency to a particular kind of behavior, inclination
233
propitiate
to stop sb from being angry by trying to please them ; | e.g : Ashkan is trying to figure out a way to propitiate Negar khanoom
234
propriety
moral and social behavior that is considered correct
235
proscribe
to say officially that sth is banned
236
pungent
having a strong taste or smell | 2 - direct and biting ;e.g : pungent criticism
237
qualified
شایسته
238
quibble
to argue or complain about a small matter or an unimportant detail; e.g : Ashkan & Negar are quibbling over minor details most of the time . Though he loves her so much , i don't know why he keeps on quibbling :-s
239
quiescent
quiet, not active
240
rarefied
1- esoteric | 2- having less oxygen than usual
241
recalcitrant
disobedient
242
recant
to withdraw ( statement, opinion )
243
recondite
not known or understood by others, obscure
244
refractory
hard to manage, stubbornly disobedient | 2- علاج ناپذیر
245
refute
to prove that sth is wrong, rebut
246
relegate
to give sb a lower rank or position than before ; opp of promote
247
reproach
to blame or criticize sb for what they have done; | 2- a state of shame
248
reprobate
sb who behaves in an immoral way | 2 - sb who is rejected by god or religion
249
repudiate
1 - to refuse to accept; reject 2- to say that sth is not true; deny 3 - disown; عاق کردن، از خود نداستن
250
rescind
to invalidate a low; revoke
251
resolution
a formal statement agreed by means of vote 2 - the act of solving a problem, settlement 3 - the quality of being resolute or determined 4- a firm decision to do sth
252
reticent
unwilling to talk , reserved
253
reverent
showing great respect, respectful
254
sage
a wise person
255
salubrious
healthful, healthy , clean
256
sanction
1 - تحریم 2 - official permission or approval; give permission 3 - penalty ; to punish
257
satiate
to give sb so much of sth that they do not feel they want it anymore; to completely satisfy
258
saturate
1 - اشباع کردن | 2 - to wet completely
259
secrete
1 - (of part of a body, plant.. ) to produce liquid substance ترشح کردن 2 - to hide sth
260
shard
a piece of broken glass
261
skeptic
a person who doubts that sth is true, specially sth that others believe in .
262
solicitous
anxious or concerned
263
soporific
causing sleep
264
specious
misleading, seeming right but actually false
265
spectrum
range
266
sporadic
happening occasionally or at intervals that are not regular
267
stigma
a symbol of disgrace or infamy, stain, as on one's reputation
268
stint
v : to be frugal , to use only a small amount of sth ; to limit, restrict n : a period of time spent doing sth a two-year stint in the army
269
stipulate
specify; to state clearly that sth must be done, or how it must be done
270
stolid
not showing much emotion, remaining always the same
271
striated
striae : a slight or narrow furrow, ridge, stripe, or streak, especially one of a number in parallel arrangement: striae of muscle fiber.
272
solicitous
anxious or concerned
273
soporific
causing sleep
274
specious
misleading, seeming right but actually false
275
spectrum
range
276
sporadic
happening occasionally or at intervals that are not regular
277
stigma
a symbol of disgrace or infamy, stain, as on one's reputation
278
tangential
1 - having only a slight or indirect connection with sth | 2 - مماسی
279
stipulate
specify; to state clearly that sth must be done, or how it must be done
280
stolid
not showing much emotion, remaining always the same
281
strut
to walk proudly with your head up
282
subpoena
a written order to attend court as a witness
283
substantiate
to provide information and evidence to prove sth
284
supersede
to take the place of sb/sth that is considered to be old fashioned
285
supposition
assumption ; an idea that you think is true although you may not be able to prove it
286
tacit
1 - implied | 2 - silent
287
tenuous
1 - extremely thin or slender, as a thread | 2 - weak, lacking a sound basis : a tenuous argument
288
tirade
a long angry speech criticizing sb or accusing sb
289
torpor
lethargy, being inactive and not having energy, enthusiasm
290
tortuous
1 - complicated , difficult to understand | 2 - winding, full of bends, twisted
291
tractable
1- easy to deal with or control ; manageable
292
tansgression
the practice of moving animals to different fields in different seasons
293
truculence
tending to argue , or bad tempered; aggressive
294
vacillate
to keep changing your thoughts and opinions in a way that annoys others ;
295
venerate
to have an show a lot of respect for sb, revere, admire
296
veracious
truthful, honest
297
verbose
using or containing more words than needed
298
viable
that can be done, feasible
299
viscous
(liquid) thick and sticky
300
vituperative
vituperation : | cruel and angry criticism ; abuse
301
volatile
1- that changes into gas easily 2- changing easily from one mood to another 3 - likely to change suddenly, unstable
302
warranted
warrant : v : 1 - justify ; The circumstances warrant such measures 2- authorize n : 1- authorization, a formal paper that gives authority to do sth 2- gurantee
303
wary
cautious , watchful
304
welter
a large amount of sth
305
whimsical
unusual , strange and amusing whimsy : capricious humor, fanciful
306
zealot
being extremely enthusiastic, fanatic
307
zealot
being extremely enthusiastic, fanatic