Absolutism In Spain And England, Flashcards
(25 cards)
What were Spanish Jews and Muslims ordered to do?
Convert or leave Spain
What significant event occurred in 1555 in Augsburg?
Signs of peace where each prince could decide to rule a kingdom
What was a major problem for the Hapsburgs?
Lands were too scattered, making it hard to rule
What happened when Charles V retired in 1556?
Empire divided; Ferdinand took over Hapsburg land and became Emperor
Who was Philip II and what title did he hold?
Defender of Faith and leader of the Catholic Reformation
What did Philip II try to impose on the Netherlands?
Catholicism
What declaration did the Dutch make in 1581?
Independence from Spanish rule
What event marked the decline of Spain as a major European power?
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Who was Mary I and what was she known for?
Catholic queen known as Bloody Mary who killed 300+ Protestants
What was Elizabeth I’s relationship to Henry VIII?
She was his daughter
What was Elizabeth I’s significant achievement against Philip II?
Her fleet defeated the Spanish Armada
What does ‘Balance of power’ mean?
No one’s country should be stronger than another
Why was the balance of power important to England?
As an island nation, England could not expand its borders
What did the Tudor dynasty do regarding the monarchy’s power?
Decreased the power of the monarchy
How did Parliament assist Henry VIII?
Granted him a divorce and helped set up the Church of England
Who was Charles I and what was his belief about monarchy?
Son of James I who believed he was an absolute monarch
What did Charles I do that ignored the Magna Carta?
Forced nobles to loan him money for wars or face jail
What was the Star Chamber?
A royal court that found all guilty, ignoring habeas corpus
What led to the English Civil War?
Charles I’s abuse of power
Who were the opposing sides in the English Civil War?
Roundheads vs. Cavaliers
What was the Glorious Revolution?
A bloodless revolution where Parliament drove King James II out of England
What did William and Mary II sign?
The English Bill of Rights
What power did the English Bill of Rights limit?
King could not raise taxes or maintain an army without Parliament’s approval
What rights were granted to citizens by the English Bill of Rights?
Right to appeal to the monarch and speak freely in Parliament
