Absorption of digested food Flashcards Preview

Yr 12 Digestion & Enzymes JDW > Absorption of digested food > Flashcards

Flashcards in Absorption of digested food Deck (15)
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1
Q

Describe how glucose is absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the blood.

A

Sodium ions actively transported out of epithelium cell.
Using sodium/potassium pump
Maintains a low concentration of sodium ions inside epithelium cell.
Sodium ion and glucose co-transported from small intestine into epithelial cell down the concentration gradient for sodium ions.
Glucose the passes into blood by facilitated diffusion

2
Q

What happens to triglycerides which have reformed in the endoplasmic reticulum of the small intestine epithelium?

A

Transferred to Golgi apparatus and combined with cholesterol and lipoprotein
To form Chylomicrons

3
Q

How are the villi adapted to optimise the absorption of digested food?

A

Large surface area for diffusion
Microvilli further increase surface area
Very thin walls so short diffusion distance
Many capillaries so maintains the concentration gradient.

4
Q

What is a lacteal?

A

Lymphatic capillary in the centre of each villus

5
Q

Where are the products of digestion absorbed?

A

Small intestine/ileum

6
Q

Glucose and amino acids are absorbed by ……

A

Cotransport

7
Q

What happens to monoglycerides and fatty acids after they enter the epithelium cell of the small intestine

A

Transported to endoplasmic reticulum where they are recombined into triglycerides

8
Q

What happens to monoglycerides and fatty acids after they enter the epithelium cell of the small intestine

A

Transported to endoplasmic reticulum
Condensed to form triglycerides

9
Q

How do monoglycerides and fatty acids enter the epithelium cell of the ileum

A

Simple diffusion

10
Q

Bile salts emulsify fatty acids into smaller structures called …..

A

Micelles

11
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in lipid absorption/

A

Triglycerides associate with cholesterol and lipoproteins

12
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in lipid absorption?

A

Triglycerides associate with cholesterol and lipoproteins
To form chylomicron

13
Q

Name the type of transport used to move sodium ions out of the epithelium cells of the small intestine

A

Co-transport - sodium and potassium ions transported in opposite directions.
Active transport -

14
Q

Name the three chemicals that bind to a glucose co-transporter carrier protein

A

Sodium ion
Glucose
ATP

15
Q

How many different co-transporter carrier proteins are need to transport all the different amino acids into the epithelium cells of the the small intestine

A

One for each type of amino acid ie 20