Abuse Nicotine (Damaj) Flashcards
(51 cards)
What do all smokers have in common?
They are addicted to the nicotine in cigarettes
How long does it take for the effects of nicotine to reach the brain when a smoker takes a puff of a cigarette?
10-19 seconds
Do increased number of cigarettes per day and duration of smoking increase or decrease the risk of lung cancer?
Increase (duh!)
What are the two phases that cigarette smoke can be broken into?
- Gaseous phase
2. Particulate phase
What problems are associated with the gaseous phase?
- Shortness of breath
2. Neonatal problems
Why causes the shortness of breath in smokers during the gaseous phase?
The carbon monoxide (CO) in the smoke combines more strongly with hemoglobin than oxygen does, therefore limiting the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
What causes neonatal problems in the gaseous phase?
Poor oxygen delivery to the fetus (secondary to the poor oxygen carrying capacity of the blood)
What are the two main components of the particulate phase?
- Nicotine
2. Tar
How does nicotine increase the risk of CHD?
It decreases HDL, the “good” cholesterol and increased platelet aggregation
How does tar increase the risk of cancer?
Tar contains carcinogenic compounds that lead to cancer. These get stuck int he mouth, throat, esophagus and lungs and increase risk for cancers.
The average cigarette contains how much nicotine?
10-15mg
How many chemicals are in tobacco, including the carcinogens?
4000
How do different factors that alter nicotine delivery affect the delivery of tar?
They all affect the delivery of tar to the same extent
What percentage of cigarettes are menthols and what group prefers them?
25%, preferred by African Americans
What are some “reduced exposure” products?
- Lozenges
- “Snus”
- E-cigarettes
Which produces more nicotine, CO, and tar: water pipe or cigarette?
Waterpipe (by a lot more)
85% of adult smokers began smoking before they were how old?
19 years old
How many subunits are in the acetylcholine receptor?
Five subunits
How does the conformation of the acetylcholine receptor change when Ach binds to it?
Normally the pore only allows positively charged ions to pass through the channel but when wound the channel undergoes a conformational change and the gate opens.
Is nicotine strongly euphorigenic?
No
Is nicotine a strong reinforcer?
Not really
When nicotine injections are paired with specific cues, what effect does this have on reinforcement?
It is greatly enhanced.
What role do cravings have in relapse?
They are very strong and play a major role in relapse.
How many smokers try to quite each year?
1 in 3
