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ABV_Test1 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is the AC/A ratio formula?

A

PD(cm) + target distance (m) x (near phoria - distance phoria)

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2
Q

What sign do you use for esophorias?

A

Plus

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3
Q

What sign do you use for exophorias?

A

Minus

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4
Q

What is the same value for AC/A ratio when you contain the same measurement for phorias at distance and near?

A

Distance PD

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5
Q

List the three ways in getting AC/A ratio?

A

Calculated method
Gradient
Modified Thorington

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6
Q

What is the standard measurement taking when measuring CA/C ratio?

A

6 prism diopters per 1 meter.

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7
Q

What are two ways to get CA/C ratio?

A

BCC & placing 6pd in eye

Wessin Fixation disparity card.

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8
Q

What does DOG stand for?

A

Difference of Gaussian card

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9
Q

What is the norm for CA/C ratio?

A

0.50D/6 pd

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10
Q

What is the Morgan norm for NRA?

A

+2.00 to +2.50D

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11
Q

What is the Morgan norm for PRA?

A

‐2.37 up to ‐4.00

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12
Q

Why does blur occur during NRA testing?

A

Blur.

  1. Accommodation can no longer relax
  2. PRV can no longer be stimulated
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13
Q

How do you test if vergence system or accommodative system is to blame for NRA?

A

Cover one eye.

If target is clear from the blur, then vergence is to blame.

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14
Q

Which ptx will have trouble with NRA testing?

A
  1. Those who cannot relax their accommodation

2. Those who have trouble converging

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15
Q

What does it mean if the endpoint is double for NRA?

A

Ptx is highly exophoric with low PRV values

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16
Q

What does a low NRA value mean?

A
  1. Ptx has difficulty relaxing accommodation

2. Highly exophoric with low PFV reserves

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17
Q

What does a high NRA value mean?

A

Ptx has latent hyperopia with a big lag of accommodation.

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18
Q

What can cause a big lag of accommodation

A

Over-minusing a ptx

Underplussing a ptx.

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19
Q

Are NRA/PRA an accommodative test or vergence test?

A

Accommodative test; however u cannot ignore the effects of the vergence system

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20
Q

What happens if vergence is allowed to move with accommodation during NRA or PRA testing?

A

Diplopia!

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21
Q

What is the cause of blur during PRA testing?

A
  1. Accommodation can no longer be stimulated

2. NRV cannot be stimulated any further “independent” of accommodation

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22
Q

What’s the cause if endpoint is diplopia durng PRA testing?

A

Ptx is higly esophoric at near with low NRV values

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23
Q

What test are you doing if ptx is suppressing an eye during PRA test?

A

Minus to blur amplitude of accommodation

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24
Q

Give me two reasons a ptx may have low PRA values?

A
  1. Ptx has problems stimulating accommodation

2. Ptx may have high esophoria at near, thus hard to diverge eyes.

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25
Caleb, refer to examples on pg 12 of Core concepts
Si senor
26
T/F? | There is no change in accommodation from the uncorrected to corrected sate for a myope.
True
27
NRV testing is specific for what?
The point just before the blur.
28
Why may blur result for NRV testing?
1. Low divergence reserves like in esophoria | 2. Accommodation not being stimulated
29
Why do the eyes shift when prism is introduced?
To maintain normal retinal correspondence. | Vergence movements are made.
30
Why may blur result for PRV testing?
1. Low convergence ability like in high exophoria | 2. Difficulty relaxing accommodation.
31
What is total positive vergence?
From the start of the test to the diplopia finding?
32
Would an esophoric ptx or exophoric ptx have trouble converging?
Exophoric
33
Give me the two clinical applications for a high PRV value relative to NRV value?
1. Near esophoria | 2. Difficulty stimulating accommodative system.
34
What are the three things used to describe ocular motor dysfunction?
Fixation Pursuit Saccades
35
Which skill develops first in a human; accommodation or eye movement skills?
Accommodation. | Throw BV skills n the same category as well.
36
There is a high prevalence of OMD in children with learning disabilities and emotional disorders, as well as in children without learning disorders and emotional disabilities
Cierto
37
Name the three researches for OMD dysfunction part 1
Sherman Hoffman Lieberman
38
Between SCCO and NSUCO, which test is more standardized?
NSUCO | Not Sitting
39
What test monocularly tests for fixation?
UCT
40
Does a higher ratio result in a lower percentile rank?
Claro que si!
41
Define Type 1 outcome on DEM test?
Patient performs within the normal range, greater than 35th percentile, for both the vertical and the horizontal sections as well as makes an acceptable amount of errors for their age.
42
Define Type II outcome on DEM test?
Patient has OMD only. Patient passes vertical section. Patient is below average on horizontal portion. THe patient also shows a high ratio
43
Type III?
Patient has an automaticity problem only. Patient shows below avg performance on both the vertical and horizontal portion of the test. Ratio is normal T
44
Type IV?
Paient has automaticity and OMD problem. | Horizontal time performance is worse than that of the vertical performance giving an abnormally high ratio.
45
Can you test automaticity with the King-Devick test?
NOPE
46
What are the name of the researchers that did a study on DEM?
Tassinari and DeLand
47
Which saccadic test would you use to monitor ptx in vision therapy?
Visigraph
48
Name the researcher that did their research in Visigraph?
Colby
49
T/F | Pierce test evaluates gross saccadic movements?
True | These gross movements are bigger than that of King Devick test
50
List the criteria that the ptx is graded on for NSUCO testing
Ability Accuracy Body/Head Movement
51
Why is head movement so horrible?
1. It expends more energy than is needed | 2. Disorientation in space
52
At what age should pursuits in children be smooth?
8 years of age.
53
What two things can a pt with large pursuits mean?
1. Inability to sustain attention | 2. Distracted by objects in the periphery
54
Define motor overflow
Fidgeting or unrelated verbalization during ocular motor testing
55
If you find the patient struggling with the pursuit task, what should you tell the ptx to do next?
Point to the target. | This adds kinesthetic support
56
What does it mean if a ptx scores improves with kinesthetic support?
An organic cause to a pursuit problem
57
What does better monocular performance than binocular performance suggest?
A binocular problem
58
What does a better binocular performance suggest?
That adequate monocular performance has not been achieved | That there is a fragile pursuit system
59
Define Visual therapy
Involves the use of therapeutic procedures to modify visual function
60
Define developmental vision training
Used to help the development of proper visual function in children
61
Define preventative vision training?
Prevents visual problems that would otherwise occur
62
Define Rehabilitative vision training?
Used to help with vision conditions that have already been identified
63
Define Enhancement visual training?
Used to enhance visual skills for sports, work, or academic demands
64
What is the name of the author who identified four areas of vision therapy?
Peachy
65
Define BI-ocular technique?
Simultaneous Perception. | Done with both eyes open but ptx is not fused.
66
In what context is afterimage used in OMD treatment?
As a form of feedback. | You are tagging the pt's fovea by giving visual feedback to help him with the accuracy of the pursuits
67
Define phoria?
Latent deviation from the eye
68
What system is responsible for making the deviation latent?
Vergence system! | Central fusion and alignment is possible as a result
69
Define tropia?
Manifest deviation of the eye. The vergence system cannot compensate for the deviation. A tropia is not necessarily cosmetically apparent.
70
What four things does the UCT reveal?
Frequency Magnitude Laterality (which eye) Direction of the deviation
71
Define frequency?
Ptx may be fused for some of the time in the UCT test. Ptx may not be fused.
72
Name some fixation tests?
``` Dotting O's Stick in Straw A-O Star Thumb fixations Stationary Pegboard ```

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