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Abx Flashcards

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0
Q

MRSA tx

A

Severe: Vanc, linezolid, dapto, ceftaroline, tigecycline, telavancin

Minor: bactrim, clinda, doxy

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1
Q

MSSA tx

A

IV oxacillin/nafcillin, cefazolin

PO dicloxacillin, cephalexin

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2
Q

Dapto SE

A

myopathy, increased CPK

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3
Q

Linezolid SE

A

thrombocytopenia

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4
Q

Alternative abx to PCN rash

A

cephalosporins

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5
Q

Alternative abx to PCN anaphylaxis

A

macrolides (azithro, clarithro), clinda

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6
Q

Alternative abx to severe infxn with PCN

A

vanc, linezolid, dapto, telavancin

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7
Q

Alternative abx to minor infxn with PCN

A

macrolides (azithro, clarithro), clindamycin, bactrim

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8
Q

Strep specific abx

A

PCN, amp, amoxicillin

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9
Q

Gram neg bacilli

A

E coli, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, pseudomonas, serratia

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10
Q

Gram neg bacilli tx

A

cephalosporins: cefepime, ceftazidime
PCN: pip, ticarcillin
monobactam: aztreonam
quinolones: cipro, levo, moxi, gemifloxacin
AGs: gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
carbapenems: imipenem, mero, erta, doripenem

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11
Q

carbapenem that does NOT cover pseudomonas

A

erta

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12
Q

PCNs that cover strep, gram negative bacilli, and anaerobes

A

pip, ticarcillin

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13
Q

Pneumococcal drugs

A

levo, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin

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14
Q

abx group that works synergistically with agents to tx staph and strep

A

AGs

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15
Q

carbapenems cover…?

A

anaerobes, strep, MSSA

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16
Q

Tigecycline covers…?

A

MRSA, broad gram-neg bacilli coverage

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17
Q

Imipenem SE

A

seizures

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18
Q

GI anaerobes (bacteroides) tx

A

Metronidazole!
carbapenems, pip, ticarcillin
cefoxitin, cefotetan

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19
Q

Respiratory anaerobes (anaerobic strep)

A

clindamycin!

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20
Q

NO anaerobic coverage

A

AGs, aztreonam, fluroquinolones, oxacillin/nafcillin, most cephalosporins

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21
Q

Cephalosporins that cover anaerobes

A

cefoxitin, cefotetan

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22
Q

Red Man Syndrome

A

Vanc infused too rapidly

-tx: slow rate of infusion

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23
Q

herpes simplex, VZV tx

A

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

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24
CMV tx
valganciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet
25
CMV retinitis
valganciclovir
26
valganciclovir and ganciclovir SE
neutropenia, BM suppression
27
foscarnet SE
renal toxicity
28
influenza A and B tx
oseltamivir, zanamivir (neuraminidase inhibitors)
29
HCV and RSV tx
ribavirin
30
chronic HBV tx
lamivudine, IFN, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir, telbivudine
31
candida, cryptococcus, oral and vaginal candidiasis tx
fluconazole
32
best tx for Aspergillus
voriconazole
33
voriconazole SE
visual disturbance
34
neutropenic fever tx
echinocandins (caspo, micafungin, anidulafungin)
35
amphotericin covers...?
candida, crypto, aspergillus
36
Amphotericin SE
renal toxicity, hypoK, metabolic acidosis, fever/shakes/chills
37
Osteomyelitis MC organism
Staph
38
Osteo tx of MSSA
oxacillin or nafcillin IV 4-6 wks
39
Osteo tx of MRSA
vanc, linezolid, daptomycin
40
Only form of osteo that can be tx with ORAL abx
gram neg bacilli, pseudomonas
41
How to confirm gram neg bacilli osteo
bone bx
42
otitis externa tx
ofloxacin, polymyxin/neomycin
43
Malignant otitis externa organism
pseudomonas
44
abx with pseudomonas coverage
cipro, pip, cefepime, carbapenem, aztreonam
45
Otitis media tx
oral amoxicillin 7-10 days
46
Otitis media not responding to amoxicillin
amoxicillin-clavulanate | cefdinir, ceftibuten, cefuroxime, cefprozil, cefpodoxime (2nd and 3rd gen cephs)
47
Sinusitis organism
Strep pneumo, H influ, Moraxella catarrhalis
48
Sinusitis tx
inhaled steroids, +/- amoxicillin
49
Pharyngitis organism
GAS
50
Pharyngitis tx
PCN, amoxicillin
51
Influenza tx
oseltamivir, zanamivir in first 48 hours
52
Impetigo organism
Strep pyogenes, Staph aureus
53
Mild impetigo tx
topical mupirocin or retapamulin
54
Severe impetigo tx
oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin
55
CA-MRSA impetigo tx
bactrim (sometimes clinda)
56
Erysipelas organism
GAS (pyogenes)
57
Erysipelas tx
oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin
58
Minor cellulitis tx
oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin
59
Severe cellulitis tx
IV oxacillin, nafcillin, cefazolin
60
Folliculitis tx
oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin
61
Tinea capitis or onychomycosis tx
ORAL terbinafine, itraconazole (griseofulvin)
62
Terbinafine SE
Increased LFTs
63
Urethritis, cervicitis, outpt PID, epididymo-orchitis (<35 yo) tx (gonorrhea +/- chlamydia)
IM CTX and either azithro (single dose), doxy (1 week)
64
Inpatient PID tx
IV cefoxitin or cefotetan + doxy +/- metronidazole
65
Abx safe for pregnancy
PCNs, cephalosporins, aztreonam, erythromycin, azithromycin
66
>35 yo epididymo-orchitis
fluoroquinolone
67
Most accurate test for primary syphilis
darkfield microscopy
68
Tertiary syphilis tx
IV PCN
69
Primary and secondary syphilis tx
IM PCN
70
Uncomplicated cystitis tx
bactrim PO x 3 days
71
complicated cystitis tx
bactrim x 7 days or cipro
72
outpt pyelo tx
cipro
73
inpt pyelo tx
amp/gentamicin
74
perinephric abscess tx
quinolone + oxacillin or nafcillin (staph coverage)
75
prostatitis tx
cipro for extended time
76
NRTI SE
lactic acidosis
77
protease inhibitor SE
hyperglycemia, HL
78
NNRTIs eg efavirenz
drowsy
79
PCP ppx (CD4 <200) in HIV
bactrim (use IV if already have infxn!!)
80
MAC ppx (CD4<50) in HIV
azithro
81
Alternative if rash with IV bactrim for PCP tx
IV pentamidine
82
Toxo tx in HIV pt
pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine x 2 weeks
83
CMV retinitis tx in HIV pt (CD4<50)
ganciclovir or foscarnet note: PO ganciclovir lifelong (unless CD4 increases)
84
Crypto tx in HIV pt (CD4<50)
amphotericin, and then fluconazole (lifelong!!)
85
MAC tx in HIV pt (CD4<50)
clarithromycin + ethambutol
86
INH adverse effect
Peripheral neuropathy
87
Rifampin adverse effect
Red/orange secretions
88
Pyrazinamide adverse effects
Hyperuricemia
89
Ethambutol adverse effect
Optic neuritis
90
IV Abx for GI perf
Metro and cipro Cefotetan or cefoxitin (second generation ceph) Amp-sulbactam Zosyn
91
IV Abx before appendectomy
Metro and cipro Cefoxitin or cefotetan Amp/sulbactam Levo and clinda
92
IV Abx for ascending cholangitis
Amp and gentamicin Imipenem Levo
93
Early onset sepsis in newborn
PNA GBS, e coli, H flu, listeria
94
Late onset sepsis in newborn
Meningitis, bacteremia S aureus, E. coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas
95
Empiric tx of neonatal sepsis
Amp + gent (+ cefotaxime if meningitis)
97
PID tx
IV CTX or cefoxitin and IV doxy
98
Outpt peds PNA tx
amoxicillin (or cefuroxime or amox/clavulanic acid)
99
Inpt peds PNA tx
IV cefuroxime (+/- vanc)
100
Peds PNA 2/2 chlamydia or mycoplasma
erythromycin (macrolide)
101
CF mild dz tx
macrolide, bactrim, or cipro
102
CF with pseudomonas or S aureus
piperacillin + tobramycin or ceftazidime (3rd gen)
103
CF with resistant pathogens
INHALED tobramycin (AG)
104
TOA tx
Cefoxitin and doxy
105
Bacterial skin infxns tx
PO dicloxacillin= IV oxacillin, nafcillin PO cephalexin/keflex, cefadroxil = IV cefazolin/ancef/kefzol IV vanc = PO linezolid or bactrim

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