ABX and MOA stuff

Question 1

What are the beta lactams?

Answer 1

PCN’s and Cephalosporins (except Vancomycin)

Question 2

What abx are water soluble.

Answer 2

PCN (except for nafcillin)

Question 3

Are protein synthesis inhibitors bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 3

Bacteriostatic (except for aminoglycosides)

Question 4

All cocci are gram ?

Answer 4

Positive (but for neisseria)

Question 5

All bacilli are gram ?

Answer 5

Negative (but for A,B,T,D or anthrax, botulism, tetanus, and diphtheria)

Question 6

What abx are used for intracellular bacteria?

Answer 6

Tetracyclines, macrolides.

Question 7

What abx do you want to avoid using with pregnancy? FATS

Answer 7

Fleuroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, Sulfonamides

Question 8

Which drugs are most associated with C. Diff (pseudomembranous colitis)? Think “C”

Answer 8

Clindamycin, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin

Question 9

What other class of abx should you avoid if a pt has a PCN allergy?

Answer 9

Cephalosporins

Question 10

What drugs are bacteriostatic? ECSTaTIC

Answer 10

Erythromycin, clindamycin, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol

Question 11

What drugs are bactericidal? Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder

Answer 11

Vancomycin, fleuroquinolones, penicillins, aminoglycocides, cephalosporins, metronidazole

Question 12

Gram + cocci include…

Answer 12

Staph and strep

Question 13

Gram - cocci include…

Answer 13

Coxiella, rickettsia, neisseria, gonorrhea

Question 14

Gram + rods include…

Answer 14

Corynebacterium, listeria, bacillus, actinomyces, nocardia, clostridium

Question 15

Gram - rods include…

Answer 15

Bordetella, pseudomonas, francisella, brucella, bartonella, helicobacter, shigella, legionella, enterobacter, yersinia, proteus, haemophilus, salmonella, klebsiella, vibrio, serratia, escherichia, bacteroides

Question 16

Vancomycin

Answer 16

G+

Question 17

Clindamycin

Answer 17

G+, anaerobes

Question 18

Amoxicillin/ampicillin

Answer 18

G+, weak G-

Question 19

Augmentin/unasyn

Answer 19

G+, anaerobes, G-

Question 20

Nafcillin

Answer 20

G+

Question 21

Zosyn

Answer 21

G+, anaerobes, G-, PSEUDOMONAS

Question 22

Carbapenems

Answer 22

G+, anaerobes, G-, PSEUDOMONAS (except ernepenem)

Question 23

Fleuroquinolones

Answer 23

G+, weak anaerobes, G-, weak PSEUDOMONAS

Question 24

1st gen ceph - cephalexin, cefazolin

Answer 24

G+, weak G-

Question 25

3rd gen ceph - cephtriaxone, cefdinir

Answer 25

G+, G-, PSEUDOMONAS

Question 26

Bactrim

Answer 26

G+, G-

Question 27

Metronidazole

Answer 27

Anaerobes

Question 28

Aminoglycocides

Answer 28

G-, PSEUDOMONAS

Question 29

Tetracyclines

Answer 29

G+, weak anaerobes, G-, ATYPICALS

Question 30

Macrolydes

Answer 30

G+, weak G-, ATYPICALS

Question 31

Treatment for legionella

Answer 31

Azithro or Fluoroquin

Question 32

Flu treatment

Answer 32

Oseltamavir

Question 33

Pneumocystitis pneumonia treatment

Answer 33

Bactrim

Question 34

Pertussis treatment

Answer 34

Erythromycin (macrolide)

Question 35

Sarcoidosis

Answer 35

Corticosteroid

Question 36

alpha 1` antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 36

Prolastin

Question 37

chlamydial pneumonia

Answer 37

Erythro (macrolide) or doxy (tetracycline)

Question 38

Alpha 1 blockers. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?

Answer 38

Zosins. They stop alpha 1 and RELAX PROSTATE and BLADDER NECK. Used for BPH

Question 39

Alpha 1 agonists. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?

Answer 39

Alpha 1 vasoconstriction. (think sudafed). Decongestant

Question 40

Alpha 2 agonists. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?

Answer 40

Clonidine and methyldopa. Stimulates A2 receptors which DECREASES SNS activity. Given in HTN. Side effects are dry mouth, sedation, fatigue.

Question 41

Beta 1 receptor agonists. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?

Answer 41

Dopamine and dobutamine. This works as an INOTROPE (contractility) on the heart as well as the kidneys to secrete renin and increase renal blood flow. Give with severe CHF.

Question 42

Beta 2 agonists. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?

Answer 42

Albuterol, terbutaline, salmeterol, metaproterenol. Beta 2 receptor stimulation which RELAXES BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE and UTERINE RELAXATION. Use with asthma and COPD. Terbutaline is good to slow premature labor AND help with priapism!!!

Question 43

Beta blockers. Which are the B1 only? B1 and B2?

Answer 43

B1 only are Atenolol, Metoprolol (most cardio selective), esmolol. B1 and B2 are propanolol, nadolol, sodalol. A1 and B1/2 are labetalol and carvedilol. Use caution with DM as it can block hypoglycemia.