Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Abx overview > Flashcards

Abx overview Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the four MOAs of antibacterials do we use the most?

A

inhibition of DNA synthesis and integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the 3 inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

A
  1. Beta-Lactams: PCN
  2. Cephalosphorins
  3. Glycopeptides: Vancomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the 4 inhibitors of translation of transcription

A
  1. Tetracyclines: Doxycycline
  2. Macrolides: Z-pack
  3. Clindamycin
  4. Oxazolidinones: Linezolid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the 3 inhibition of DNA synthesis and integrity/inhibitors of folate synthesis and function

A
  1. Sulfonamides
  2. Trimethoprim
  3. Quinolones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mechanism of bactericidal

A

Ability to kill

-Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the time-dependent abx

A
  1. Beta-Lactams: PCN

2. Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the concentration-dependent abx

A
  1. Aminoglycosides

2. Quinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacteriostatic mechanism

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

-Slow the microorganism down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the bacteriostatic abx

A
  1. Tetracyclines: Doxycycline
  2. Macrolides
  3. Sulfonamides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do we have to use in immunocompromised pt’s?

A

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What would be a appropriate combination for empiric therapy?

A

two bactericidals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Postantibiotic effect

A

Persistent suppression of bacterial growth after limited exposure (1-2 hrs) to an antimicrobial agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abx contraindicated in renal impairment

A
  1. Sulfonamide (long-acting)
  2. Tetracyclines
  3. Nitrofurantoin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dosage adjustment needed in hepatic impairment

A
  1. Z-Pack

2. Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List penicillinase-susceptible abx (narrow spectrum)

A

Penicillin VK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List penicillinase-resistant abx

A

Nafcillin: S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List a wider spectrum abx that is +/- penicillinase

A

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What additional microorganisms are covered by Amoxicillin, but not by PCN?

A

Gram negatives: H.influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is PCN cleared?

A

Renally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What PCN are biliary cleared?

A

Ampicillin

Nafcillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PCN adverse side effects

A
  1. Hypersensitivity rxs: angioedema

2. Maculopapular rash: Ampicllin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What organisms do narrow spectrum PCN cover?

A
  1. Streptococcal infections

2. Staphyloccocal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What organisms do wider spectrum PCN cover?

A

Greater activity vs. gram (-) bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What cephalosporin crosses the blood brain barrier and are used for CNS infections?

A

3rd generation: Ceftriaxone

-Treat meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What generation has partial cross-reactivity with PCN?
First generation: Cephalexin
26
What cephalosporin is not given to newborns and why?
Ceftriaxone (Rocephen) | -Cleared by biliary tract, newborns don't have this ability yet
27
First generation cephalosporin name and clinical use
Cephalexin: 1. Skin 2. Soft tissue 3. UTI
28
Second generation cephalosporin name and clinical use
Cefuroxime: More active against: 1. S. pneumoniae 2. H. Influenza
29
What cephalosporin has remained susceptible to Gonorrhea since the Vietnam War?
Ceftriaxone
30
Fourth generation clinical use
Pseudomonas coverage
31
Fifth generation clinical use
1. Community acquired pneumonia | 2. MRSA
32
What monobactam has no cross-allerginicity with beta-lactams?
Aztreonam
33
What is the go to drug for MRSA and PRSP strains?
Vancomycin
34
How would you administer Vancomycin for systemic infections?
Parenteral
35
What is effective against C. diff and how is it administered?
Vancomycin | ORALLY!!!!!
36
Red neck or red man syndrome
erythematous rash on face and upper body from giving the vancomycin infusion too quickly
37
Daptomycin gram positive activity
1. Endocarditis 2. Sepsis 3. MSSA and MRSA coverage
38
Daptomycin off-tabled use?
1. Osteomyelitis | 2. Prosthetic joint infections
39
Daptomycin unique toxicity?
Myopathy | -Monitor creatinine pho shop-kinase (CPK) weekly
40
Tetracycline (Doxycycline) MOA
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis - Binds 30s subunits of transcription/translation - Bacteriostatic
41
Tetracycline (Doxycycline) activity spectrum
1. Chlamydial 2. Mycoplasma: "walking pneumonia" 3. Rickettsiae 4. Spirochetes (Lyme disease)
42
Why don't we want to give Tetracycline (Doxycycline) to a child under 8 y.o. or a child developing in pregnancy?
Deposits in developing bones and teeth
43
What does Brubaker recommend you take with Tetracycline (Doxycycline)? Why?
Cola: Natural anti-emetic effect
44
A unique adverse side effect of Tetracycline (Doxycycline)?
Photosensitivity- Wear sunblock
45
Macrolides MOA
1. Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis | 2. Bacteriostatic
46
Why do Macrolides cause diarrhea?
Prokinetic effect= Increases GI motility
47
Erythroymycin (Z-pack) side effects
1. QT prolongation 2. CYP450 inhibition (not azithromycin) 3. Resistance gaining
48
Macrolides activity spectrum
1. Community acquired pneumonia 2. Pertussis 3. Diptheria 4. Chlamydial
49
What abx has the highest INCIDENCE of C.diff?
Clindamycin (lincosamides)
50
What has the highest PREVALENCE of C. diff?
Amoxicillin | Cephalosporins
51
What is unique about Clindamycin (lincosamides)
Anaerobic infections=diaphragm up
52
What can cause dose-related anemia (aplastic anemia) requiring a bone transplant?
Chloramphenicol
53
Chloramphenicol activity spectrum
1. Tx of serious infections due to organisms resistant to less toxic abx 2. Active against Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) ****
54
Gray baby syndrome
Adverse rxn of Chloramphenicol - Circulatory collapse - Cyanosis - Acidosis
55
What abx causes Serotonin Syndrome with SSRIs?
Oxazolidinone (Linezolid) | Often with dosage adjustment
56
Oxazolidinone (Linezolid) activity spectrum
1. MRSA 2. PRSP 3. VRE strains
57
What is a great example of empirical abx therapy drug combo?
Aminoglycosides + Beta-Lactams
58
List the aminoglycosides
1. Gentamycin | 2. Tobamyccin
59
aminoglycosides ADE's
1. Ototoxicity (irreversible) 2. Neuromuscular blockade** 3. Nephrotoxicity (reversible)
60
Who do we give high dose folic acid to?
Spinal tubal defects
61
"Sequential blockade" in Sulfonamides with Trimethoprim
Combination is bactericidal | -Synergistic inhibition of folic acid synthesis
62
What is the dosing based on in TMP-SMZ?
trimethoprim component
63
TMP-SMZ (Bactrim) Acitivity spectrum
1. UTI | 2. MSSA or MRSA (skin/soft tissue infections)
64
What stage of pregnancy should TMP/SMX be avoided?
Frist trimester | -This is when the spinal tube is forming
65
List the Quinolones and uses of each
1. Ciprofloxacin- UTIs | 2. Levofloxacin- "respiratory"
66
In what neuromuscular disease should quinolones be avoided?
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS and Neuromuscular blockers before surgery
67
Other ADE's of Quinolones (many, she hates this drug)
1. CNS effects** 2. Achilles tendinitis** 3. Neuromuscular-blocking activity
68
What does an antibiogram provide?
1. Info about local resistance patterns | 2. Can be used to determine empiric tx options

Pharmacology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions