ABx review

Question 1

What are the classes of penicillins?

Answer 1

Natural PCNs
Aminopenicillins
Anti-staphylococcal PCNs
Augmented AminoPCNs
Augmented Extended-Spectrum PCNs

Question 2

Name some Natural PCNs and route of admin

Answer 2

Pen G (IV or IM)
Pen VK (PO)
Benzathine PCN - aka Bicillin LA (long acting IM)

Question 3

What do natural PCNs commonly treat?

Answer 3

Strep pharyngitis / cellulitis

Syphilis - benzathine PCN (Bicillin LA)

Question 4

Name some AminoPCNs and route of admin

Answer 4

Ampicillin (IV)

Amoxicillin (PO)

Question 5

What pathogens do aminoPCNs cover?

Answer 5

Strep pyogenes
strep agalactaie
Strep pneumo
Enterococci
Borrelia burgdorferi
Listeria

Question 6

AminoPCNs commonly treat

Answer 6

Pharyngitis
sinusitis 
Otitis media
endocarditis prophylaxis 
Lyme disease (age <8)

Question 7

Name some Anti-Staphylococcal PCNs and route of admin

Answer 7

Nafcillin (IV)

Dicloxacillin (PO)

Question 8

Anti-staphylococcal PCNs commonly treat

Answer 8

Skin and soft tissue infections (Staph) - NOT MRSA

Will work against strep

Question 9

Name some Augmented AminoPCNs and route of admin

Answer 9

Ampicillin/sulbactim (Unasyn IV)

Amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin PO)

Question 10

Pathogens covered by Augmented AminoPCNs

Answer 10

Strep pyogenes
Strep agalactaie
Step pneumo
Enterococci
Borelia burgdorferi
Listeria 
PASTURELLA
MORAXELLA
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA
ANAEROBES 

NOT MRSA

Question 11

Augmented AminoPCNs commonly treat

Answer 11

Bites
OM, Sinusitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Dental infections
Skin and soft tissue infections

Question 12

Name the Augmented Extended-spectrum PCNs

Answer 12

Pip/Tazo (zosyn IV)

NOT MRSA

Question 13

What groups of pathrogens are covered by Augmented Extended-spectrum PCNs

Answer 13

Borad spectrum (gram +/-) and Pseudo

Question 14

MOA of PCNs

Answer 14

Stops cell wall synthesis by binding PCN binding proein

Question 15

MOR of PCNs

Answer 15

B lactamase and PBP alteration

Question 16

PCNs cidal or static?

Answer 16

Cidal

Question 17

PCNs are eliminated how?

Answer 17

Renally

Question 18

MOA of cephalosporins

Answer 18

Stops cell wall synthesis by binding pcn binding protein

Question 19

MOR of cephalosporins

Answer 19

B lactamases

Question 20

ADR of cephalosporins

Answer 20

Ceftriaxone linked to biliary sludging/pseudocholelithiasis

Question 21

Cefazolin (Ancef IV) is what class

Answer 21

1st Gen cephalosporin

Question 22

Cephalexin (Keflex PO) is what class

Answer 22

1st gen cephalosporin

Question 23

Coverage from 1st Gen cephalosporins

Answer 23

Gram + excellent (not MRSA)
minimal gram -
Strep pyogenes, MSSA
some e. coli, klebsiella, proteus

Question 24

Common treatment indications for 1st gen ceph

Answer 24

Skin and soft tissue infections
Step pharyngitis
Pre op prophylaxis (cefazolin)
Uncomplicated cystitis

Question 25

Cefuroxime (Ceftin PO) Class

Answer 25

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

Question 26

Coverage from Cefuroxime

Answer 26

``` Same as 1st Gen Ceph + Strep Pneumo M. Cat H. Flu (Respiratory) ```

Question 27

Common treatment indications for Cefuroxime (2nd Gen Ceph)

Answer 27

OM Sinusitis Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis Skin / soft tissue infections

Question 28

Name 2 common 3rd Gen cephalosporins

Answer 28

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin IM/IV) | Cefdinir (Omnicef PO)

Question 29

Coverage from 3rd Gen Ceph

Answer 29

Gram - some Gram + NOT enterococcus or MRSA

Question 30

Which 3rd gen ceph crosses BBB?

Answer 30

Ceftriaxone

Question 31

Common treatment indications for 3rd Gen ceph

Answer 31

CAP meningitis Gonorrhea Pyelonephritis

Question 32

Cefepime (IV) is what class

Answer 32

4th Gen cephalosporin

Question 33

Coverage from cefepime

Answer 33

Most gram - rods | pseudomonas

Question 34

Ceftaroline (Telflaro IV) is what class

Answer 34

5th Gen (Next Generation) cephalosporins

Question 35

Coverage from 5th Gen ceph

Answer 35

Very broad gram - and gram + | MRSA

Question 36

Common treatment indications for 5th gen ceph

Answer 36

Pneumonia | Skin / soft tissue infections

Question 37

name 3 common tetracyclines

Answer 37

Tetracycline minocycline doxycycline (PO / IV)

Question 38

Coverage from Tetracyclines

Answer 38

``` Strep pneumo M. Cat H. flue Chlamydia Legionella Mycoplasma Rickettsia Ehrlichia Borella S. aureus / MRSA ```

Question 39

MOA of tetracyclines

Answer 39

Protein synthesis inhibition at 30S bacterial ribosome

Question 40

MOR for tetracyclines

Answer 40

Efflux pump

Question 41

Tetracyclines static or cidal?

Answer 41

Static

Question 42

Tetracycline elimination?

Answer 42

Split excretion

Question 43

ADR's of tetracycline

Answer 43

Photosensitivity Contraindicated in prego / kids <8 (except in Rocky mtn spotted fever)

Question 44

Common treatment indications for tetracyclines

Answer 44

``` Sinusitis Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchiits CAP Non gonococcal urethritis / cervicitis Tick borne diseases (lime, rickettsia) ```

Question 45

Why don't you combine tetracycline with isotretinoin?

Answer 45

Pseudotumor cerebri

Question 46

What causes decreased absorption of tetracyclines

Answer 46

Ca++