AC 1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
list the process of law making *
Green paper
White Paper
First Reading
Second Reading
Committee Stage
Report Stage
Third Reading
House of lords
Royal assent
What is judicial precedent
Law made by judges in courts
What is due process?
Left realism approach
innocent till proven guilty
Created PACE
Police relationship with CPS
The police work closely with the CPS to ensure charges are appropriate and based on sufficient evidence, helping to avoid miscarriages of justice.
Police relationship with probation
The police and probation service cooperate to monitor offenders in the community, sharing information to manage risks and support offender compliance with court orders.
What is the crime control model
Zero tolerance approach
seek a conviction at any cost
Want to give the police more power
Removal of double jeopardy rule
Police relationship with Courts
provide evidence and witness testimony ensuring suspects attend hearings so that the justice process can proceed.
Courts relationship with probation
Courts depend on probation services to provide detailed pre-sentence reports and to supervise offenders given community sentences promoting rehabilitation and reducing reoffending.
Police relationship with prisons
The police work with the prison service by arresting offenders who breach their licence conditions or escape custody
Courts relationship with Cps
Courts work closely with the CPS relying on them to prepare and present evidenced cases.
Courts relationship with prison
Courts collaborate with the prison service by issuing custodial sentences ensuring offenders serve their punishments within prison
Formal punishments
Imprisonment
community service
fines
Discharges
Forms of internal control
Rational ideology - Conscious guides you to follow rules due to feelings of guilt and anxiety if you dont
Tradition - Upbringing reinforces a persons morality
Forms of external control *
Coercion - Fear of physical or non-violent harm like imprisonment, bodily injury.
Fear of punishment creates a deterrence e.g death sentence
Control Theory (Reckless)
Support the view that people require nurturing in order to develop
attachments that are key in producing internal controls i.e. your conscience. Crime is caused by a lack of bonds.
Aim of deterrence
individual and general
Individual deterrence - Ensure there is no reoffending
General deterrence - to prevent the wider population from committing crimes
Repatriation
compensation of a victim by making the offender pay a sum of money.
ensures offenders pay back society through community service
Restorative justice allows offenders to apologise and make up for their wrong doing
Public Protection
Protects society from dangerous criminals via prisons
e.g long prison sentencing and tagging
how does forms of punishment meet the aims of punishment
imprisonment
Com serv
Fines
Discharges *
Imprisonment - keeps dangerous people away from society but has high reoffending rates
Community services - Allows criminals to pay back to society however 3/4th of those people where still sent to prison
Fines - Creates a deterrence however 61% of those fines are written off
Discharges - Aims to stop reoffending by imposing a more severe sentence next time however this does not affect those who do not care for the system
Name 3 pressure groups *
Liberty - in debates about police power
Justice - Human rights organisation
Narco - works on reducing reoffending by supporting offender rehabilitation
Explain the role of agencies in social control
Police
CPS
Judicary
prison service
probation
Pressure groups
Police - arrest, detain, search and interview suspects. create case files and stop anti social behaviour on the streets
-Cps - Prepare and present cases. Preform Evidential and public interest test to decide if cases go to trial
Judiciary - divided into superior & inferior judges. Role of a judge is to make decisions about the law through interpretation, apply the law and manage a trial.
Prison service - Aim is to keep those sentenced to prison in custody & help them lead lawful and useful lives whilst in prison. Work with police, councils and charities to do this whilst making themselves money.
Probation - Probation service supervises high-risk offenders released into the community. Work with around 30,000 offenders a year helping to try & rehabilitate offenders.
Pressure groups - reduce unnecessary imprisonment, improve the
treatment & conditions for prisoners and promote human rights in the CJS.
Agencies achieving social control through Environmental Design
Involves what a neighbourhood looks like & how it is designed to
lower crime in the area. ( The Broken Windows Theory )
state provision
Unreported crime ( Dark figure )
this would be things like domestic violence
token economy
Mainly used in prisons things like privileges are given to good inmates so it encourages good behaviour
