AC 1.3 describe models of criminal justice

Question 1

What is the primary perspective of right realism theory regarding crime?

Answer 1

Crime is a problem that affects the poor

Question 2

According to right realism, what are the economic factors linked to rising crime rates?

Answer 2

Poverty and unemployment

Question 3

Right realism considers crime from the perspective of which political ideology?

Answer 3

Political conservatism

Question 4

What do right realists believe is the only way to stop criminal trends?

Answer 4

Tough control and punishments

Question 5

Left realism attributes crime to what societal structure?

Answer 5

Inequalities created by a capitalist society

Question 6

What two approaches do left realists advocate for in response to crime?

Answer 6

Practical measures to reduce crime and long-term societal change

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Civil liberties include basic rights and freedoms such as freedom of _______.

Answer 7

speech

Question 8

What is the definition of zero tolerance in criminal justice?

Answer 8

Policy of giving the most severe punishment possible to every person who commits a crime

Question 9

What does the rule of law entail?

Answer 9

All people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced

Question 10

Who described the two contrasting models of criminal justice?

Answer 10

Herbert Packer

Question 11

What is the main goal of the Crime Control Model (CCM)?

Answer 11

Suppression of crime

Question 12

What does the CCM prioritize in the justice system?

Answer 12

Catching and punishing offenders

Question 13

According to the CCM, what is the presumption regarding offenders?

Answer 13

Presumption of guilt

Question 14

True or False: The Crime Control Model trusts the police to identify guilty individuals through investigations.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the primary goal of the Due Process Model (DPM)?

Answer 15

To protect the accused from oppression by the state

Question 16

What does the DPM start with regarding the accused?

Answer 16

Presumption of innocence

Question 17

What must the police follow according to the DPM?

Answer 17

Lawful procedures and not exceed their powers

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The DPM suggests that sometimes the guilty go free on a _______.

Answer 18

technicality

Question 19

How does the CCM relate to right realism?

Answer 19

It has a lot in common with right realist theories of crime

Question 20

What theory does the DPM link to regarding police behavior?

Answer 20

Labelling theory

Question 21

What do left realists argue about oppressive policing in poor areas?

Answer 21

It triggers confrontations and makes residents unwilling to assist police

Question 22

What are the two areas where examples of CCM and DPM can be seen?

Answer 22

Rules governing the justice system and the way the system works in practice

Question 23

According to the DPM, what happens to illegally obtained evidence?

Answer 23

It is inadmissible

Question 24

Under the CCM, what power does a judge have regarding illegally obtained evidence?

Answer 24

To admit it if it helps establish the truth

Question 25

In practice, how do police, prosecutors, and judges generally treat the rights of the accused?

Answer 25

They respect the rights and follow correct procedures

Question 26

What can indicate that most defendants are satisfied with their case processing?

Answer 26

Only a small proportion seek to appeal their conviction and sentence

Question 27

What are some reasons for miscarriages of justice?

Answer 27

Failure to follow correct procedures or breaking the law

Question 28

Who was the victim of a honeytrap by the police in the Colin Stagg case?

Answer 28

Rachel Nickell

Question 29

What bias occurred in the Bingham justice of 1974 case?

Answer 29

A magistrate favored the police officer's evidence over the defendant's