AC 2.1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is internal social control?
The aspects of your life which shape your choices about whether to be a law abiding citizen or not
What are the 6 forms of internal social control?
Religion
Upbringing
Traditions
Conscience
Rational ideology
Internalisation of social rules
How does religion achieve social control?
-Religions provide their own moral code as to what is acceptable and many religions tend to follow the same in terms of stealing, adultery, murder and deception.
-Areas of difference tend to include views on marriage, abortion, dress and behaviour in public.
What is an example of religion?
-Golden rule
-10 commandments “Thou Shall Not Kill”
How does upbringing achieve social control?
-people are usually raised to abide by the law to avoid consequences
-Moulded and influenced by parents and childhood to abide by the law
-depending on the values of an individuals family, their upbringing will dictate whether they abide by the law or not.
-breaking the law might lead to feelings of fear of family finding out/let down/belief in moral values /respect for police.
What are some examples of upbringing?
Social learning theory - Robert Thompson.
Rose West - normalisation of violence
How do traditions achieve social control?
-transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation
-Follow own customs and norms passed down in families and followed due to respect for traditional way of behaving
-traditions prevent crime due to it encouraging you to acting in a certain way
-respect encourages conformity due to importance
What are some examples of traditions?
Not pushing in queues
Holding doors open
Same applies to legal customs
How does your conscience achieve social control?
-we all have desires which could include law breaking but it is our conscience that stops us
-gives us feelings of dread, guilt or anxiety if we do the wrong thing
-some people’s conscience is stronger than others and others find it easy to ignore their conscience and feel no shame in giving into their impulses
What are some examples of your conscience?
Freuds theory - confirm because our super ego tells us to confirm and inflict feelings of guilt. For instance, if we steal then we feel guilt.
How does rational ideology achieve social control?
-it is the internal battle of benefits and risks or consequences.
-we experience conflict in terms of what we would like to do and knowing we should not do it
-rational ideology is our thought process where we recognise our desire however we consider the consequences and the feelings we may experience afterwards and way up choices.
-makes you think rationally, make the right choice and abide by the law
What are some examples of rational ideology?
Stealing from a shop/car
Revising for an exam or starting a fight/assaulting when provoked
How does the internalisation of social rules achieve social control?
-where we take on expectations and values even if we do not agree with the values
-we feel guilt or a moral obligation to meet these expectations
What are examples of internalisation of social rules?
Not skipping a queue
Cheating in an exam
Not committing violent crime or putting any member of the public in danger
What is external social control?
Actions carried out by agencies to achieve social control and encourage people to abide by the law. Sanctions and systems are carried out by institutions.
What is violent coercion?
Used by agencies of justice to control society physically. Actions/forces applied to ensure compliance.
What is non violent coercion?
Groups/individuals pressure others into following a certain type of behaviour, no physical force is applied. This is seen in strikes and boycotts where unions pressure individuals to join campaigns.
What is individual deterrence?
Individuals are deterred from committing crime due to fear of harsh sentencing or threat of imprisonment or shame or consequences, such as loss of jobs.
What is general deterrence?
Harsh sentences provided can deter the public as they may want to avoid the shame/punishment provided.
How do the police act as an external form of social control?
Coercion: Handcuff offenders, use batons if offender is violent, tasers/ankle restraints, put in police car.
General deterrence: Shame/embarrassment and humiliation of arrest.
Individual deterrence: Don’t want to be re-arrested, caution - fear of further punishment
How do the CPS act as an external form of social control?
Coercion: harsh sentencing, prosecuting offenders, bail/remand, asking defendants to wear handcuffs in court.
General deterrence: advocating for harsh sentence, being prosecuted.
Individual deterrence: criminal conviction - prevent further education/jobs
How do courts act as an external form of social control?
Coercion: harsh sentencing (custodial/community), bail/remand, handcuffs, offender behind glass wall
General deterrence: shame/embarrassment of going to court in public, media coverage
Individual deterrence: fear of sentence, suspended sentence, fear of resentence = harsh punishment, get time off work for court = shame.
How does prison act as an external form of social control?
Coercion: Solitary confinement, token economy system, incapacitation, restrains = belly chains, handcuffs and ankle chains, riot gear.
General deterrence: freedom taken away, fear of prisoners.
Individual deterrence: solitary confinement, criminal record (struggle for employment)
How does probation act as external form of social control?
Coercion: license conditions = alcohol tags, curfews and room searches. Lose driving license, curfews = force you to comply (restrict movements)
General deterrence: freedom taken away with license conditions
Individual deterrence: fear of being recalled to prison and re-sentenced
