AC 3.3 Flashcards
(55 cards)
What is recidivism?
Recidivism refers to repeat offenders who fail to rehabilitate and continue to commit crime.
How has the prison population changed in England and Wales from 1993 to 2015?
The prison population nearly doubled, with an increase of 41,000 people, reaching 89,332 by June 2016.
What is the minimum supervision period for offenders released after serving two days or more?
Offenders must serve a minimum of 12 months under supervision in the community.
What has happened to the recall population since February 2015?
The recall population has increased by 19%, with nearly 1,100 more people recalled to custody.
What are the re-conviction rates within a year of release from prison?
The re-conviction rate is very high at 48%, and for those serving short sentences of less than 12 months, it is 63% for adults.
Who is more likely to reoffend?
Individuals with more previous convictions, males compared to females, and those serving prison sentences are more likely to reoffend.
What do right realists argue about prison?
Right realists argue that prison works as a deterrent, but high rates of reoffending challenge this view.
What do Marxists argue about unemployed offenders?
Marxists argue that unemployed offenders are more likely to reoffend due to limited opportunities to meet their needs.
What are civil liberties?
Civil liberties are basic rights and freedoms granted to citizens, including freedom of speech, movement, and assembly.
How can civil liberties limit social control?
Civil liberties can restrict agencies like the police from achieving social control, such as when foreign nationals cannot be deported due to EU regulations.
What is an example of human rights abuse in authoritarian states?
In police states, social control agencies may have few restrictions, leading to indefinite detention of government critics.
What does the case of Abu Qatada illustrate?
It demonstrates how civil liberties can limit social control, as he could not be deported due to risks of torture in Jordan.
What is due process?
Due process includes protections against arbitrary arrest and detention without trial, acting as a barrier to state control.
How does access to resources limit rehabilitation?
Upon release, offenders face challenges with finance, accommodation, and employment opportunities.
What are literacy levels among the prison population?
Nearly two-thirds (62%) of people entering prison have literacy skills expected of an 11-year-old.
What issues exist with education and training in prisons?
Inadequate resources and a drop in participation in education programs limit rehabilitation opportunities.
What is the purpose of Release on Temporary Licence (ROTL)?
ROTL allows trusted prisoners to attend training and job interviews, but few can utilize it due to staff shortages.
What is the government’s plan to increase support for prisoners?
The government plans to introduce a prisoner apprenticeship program to help with reintegration.
What challenges do prisoners face upon release?
Prisoners often lack money, jobs, and stable accommodation, leading to higher chances of reoffending.
What is the ‘End Friday releases’ campaign?
This campaign aims to end Friday releases to prevent ex-prisoners from facing service access issues over the weekend.
What are community sentences and their effectiveness?
Community sentences are more successful than prison in reducing recidivism, with only 34% reoffending within 12 months.
What are some reasons for reoffending among community sentences?
Inadequate support for complex needs and lax supervision by probation services contribute to reoffending.
What financial challenges do police forces face?
Between 2010 and 2018, police budgets were cut by 19%, leading to a reduction in police numbers and investigations.
How have CPS budget cuts affected case investigations?
CPS budget cuts of a quarter led to staff losses and inefficient investigations, downgrading charges for quicker prosecutions.
